Clonazepam Ethosuximide Valproic Acid

Mod6- Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards by Maria Hazel Quiban

What are the drugs for the Tonic-clonic and partial seizures?

Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Phenytoin
Valproic Acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Absence Seizure

Clonazepam
Ethosuximide
Valproic Acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Myoclonic Seizures

Clonazepam

Lamotrigine

Valproic Acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your Back-up and Adjuntive Drugs?

Falbamate
Gabapentin
Lamotrigine
Levetiracetam
Phenobarbital
Tiagabine
Topiramide
Vigabatrin
Zonisamide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Finite episodes of brain dysfunction resulting from abnormal discharge of cerebral neurons

Seizures

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your classification of seizure based on characteristics?

–simple or complex
–partial, generalized or partial with secondary generalization

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your Partial seizures?

Simple partial seizures
Comlex partial seizures
Partial seizures secondary generalized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are your generalized seizures?

Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal ) seizures
Absence ( petit ,al) seizures
Tonic seizures
Atonic seizures
Clonic and myoclonic seizures
infantile spasms

” Diba ang INFANTS kelangan ng G-A-T-A-S ( make C an S)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is simple partial seizures?

–Consciousness is preserved
–Diverse manifestations determined by the region of cortex activated by the seizure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES?

Impaired consciousness lasting 30 seconds to 2 minutes,
Often associated with purposeless movements such as lip smacking or hand wringing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is GENERALIZED TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURES (GRAND MAL)?

–Loss of consciousness and sustained contractions (tonic) of muscles throughout the body
followed by periods of muscle contraction
alternating with periods of relaxation (clonic), typically lasting 1 to 2 minutes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is ABSENCE SEIZURES (PETIT MAL)?

–Impaired consciousness (often abrupt onset and brief)
–Automatisms, loss of postural tone, or enuresis (refers to a repeated inability to control urination)
–Begin in childhood and usually cease by age 20 yrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Myoclonic Seizure?

Sudden, brief, shocklikecontractions of musculature (myo-clonicjerks) which may be restricted to part of one extremity or may be generalized

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is STATUS EPILEPTICUS?

–Series of seizures (usually tonic-clonic) without recovery of consciousness between attacks
–Life-threatening emergency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the similar drugs of Phenytoin?

FOSYPHENYTOIN,

MEPHENYTOIN,

ETHOTOIN

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phenytoin is what class of drug?

Anticonvulsantdrug (hydantoin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the MOA of Phenytoin?

It alters Na+, K+, and Ca2+ conductance, membrane potentials, and the concentrations of amino acids and the neurotransmitters nor-epinephrine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyricacid (GABA).

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the clinical use of Phenytoin?

Generalized tonic-clonicseizures (DOC),
Partial seizures (DOC),
Status epilepticus,
Arrhythmias(Group 1B action)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the toxicities of Phenytoin?

Nystagmus,
Diplopia,
ataxia,
Sedation,
Gingival Hyperplasia,
Hirsutism,
Anemias,
Peripheral neuropathy,
Osteoporosis,
Teratogen(fetal hydantoinsyndrome)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phenytoin is a potent inducer of ______________

CYP450

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kinetic order does Phenytoin follows?

Follows zero-order kinetics at high doses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is phenytoin Extensively protein bound?

YES

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

DESCRIBE FETAL HYDANTOIN SYNDROME

Upturned nose
Mild midfacialhypoplasia
Long upper lip with thin vermilion border
Lower distal digital hypoplasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Carbamazepine belongs to what class of drug?

Anticonvulsantdrug (tricyclic)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the MOA of Carbamazepine?

**Blocks voltage-gated Na+channels **by **slowing the rate of recovery** of **voltage-activated Na+ channels.**

What is the clinical use of Phenobarbital?

* Generalized tonic-clonicseizures * , Partial seizures, * Status epilepticus, * **Insomnia,** * **Hyperbilirubinemia**

What are you Phenobarbital toxicities?

* Extension of CNS depressant actions, * Tolerance, * Dependence liability (greaterthanbenzodiazepines), * Acuteintermittent porphyria

Phenobarbital is a potent inducer of?

CYP450

What is the preferred antiseizure drug in children and pregnant women?

PHENOBARBITAL

What are the similar drugs of ETHUSUXIMIDE?

SimilarDrugs PHEN**SUXIMIDE** , METH**SUXIMIDE**

Ethosuximide belongs to what class of drug?

Drug Class Anticonvulsantdrug ## Footnote **(cyclic ureide)**

WHat is the MOA of Ethosuximide?

Decreases l**ow threshold Ca2**+currents (T-type) in thalamus

What is the clinical use of Ethosuximide?

**\*\*\*Absence seizures (DOC)**

What are the toxicities of Ethosuximide?

* **Gastrointestinal distress, \*\*\*\*** * Lethargy, * Headache, * Behavioral changes

Diazepam of belongs to what class of drug?

Anticonvulsantdrug **(benzodiazepine)**

What is the MOA of DIAZEPAM?

Binds GABAA receptor subunits to i**ncrease frequencyof chloride** channel opening; membrane hyperpolarization

What are the clinical use of DIAZEPAM?

**Status epilepticus\*\*\***

What are the toxicities of Diazepam?

* **Anterogradeamnesia,\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*** * Decreased psychomotor skills, * Unwanted daytime sedation, \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* Respiratory depression, * Tolerance, * Dependence liability

Clonazepam belong to what class of drugs?

Anticonvulsantdrug **(benzodiazepine)**

What is the MOA of Clonazepam?

* Binds GABAAreceptor subunits to **increase frequencyof** chloride channel opening; membrane hyperpolarization * Same with diazepam

What are the clinical use of Clonazepam?

**Absence seizures**, Myoclonicseizures, Infantile spasms

What are the toxicities of clonazepam?

Anterogradeamnesia, Decreased psychomotor skills, Unwanted daytime sedation, Respiratory depression, Tolerance, Dependence liability Same with DIAZEPAM

What are the similar drugs of GABAPENTIN?

PREGABALIN " remember gamit to ni tita raffy"

GABAPENTIN belongs to what class of drug?

Anticonvulsantdrug **(GABA derivative)**

What is the MOA of GABAPENTIN?

**Blocks Ca2+channels** on **N-type channels (main**) .Increases GABA release. Decrease in synaptic release of glutamate

What are the Clinical use of GABAPENTIN?

* Partial seizures (adjunct), * Neuropathicpain(postherpeticneuralgia), \*\*\* Remember Tita RAffy * **Migraine \*\*\***

What are the toxicities of Gabapentin?

* Dizziness, * Sedation, * Ataxia, * Nystagmus, * Tremor (all are most common adverse effects)

**Lamotrigine **belongs to what class of drugs?

Anticonvulsantdrug **(phenyltriazine)**

What is the MOA of Lamotrigine?

Blocks Na+and Ca2+channels, Decreases synaptic release of glutamate

What is the clinical use of Lamotrigine?

* Generalized tonic-clonicseizures, * Partial seizures, * Myoclonicseizures, * Absence seizures, * Bipolar disorder

What are the toxicities of Lamotrigine?

* Dizziness, * Ataxia, * Nausea, * Rash, * **Stevens-Johnson syndromev\*\*\***

To what class of drug does LEVETIRACETAM belongs?

Anticonvulsantdrug **(piracetam)**

What is the MOA of LEVETIRACETAM?

Selectivelybinds synaptic vesicular protein SV2AModifies synaptic release of glutamate and GABA.

What is the clinical use of LEvetiracetam?

* Generalized tonic-clonicseizures, * Partial seizures, * Juvenilemyoclonicepilepsy

What are the toxicities of Levetiracetam?

* Dizziness, * Sedation, * Weakness, * Irritability, * Hallucinations, * Psychosis

TOPIRAMTE belongs to what class of drugs?

Anticonvulsantdrug (**substituedmonosaccharide)**

What is the MOA of TOPIRAMTE?

Multiple actions on synaptic function, probably via actions on phosphorylation(Na, Ca, GABA, AMPA-glutamate, carbonic anhydrase)

What are the clinical use of TOPIRAMATE?

* Generalized tonic-clonicseizures, * Absence seizures, * Partial seizures, * Lennox-Gastautsyndrome, * West syndrome, * Migraine

What are the toxicities of TOPIRAMATE?

* Drowsiness, * Dizziness, Ataxia, * **Psychomotor slowing, \*\*\*** * **Memory impairment,\*\*\*** * Paresthesias, * **Weight loss,\*\*\*** * **Acute myopia, \*\*\*** * **Glaucoma,\*\*\*** * **Urolithiasis\*\*\***

BIPOLAR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS

* valproicacid **(first-line for mania),** * carbamazepine, * lamotrigine

What is the DOC for **TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA**

carbamazepine(DOC),

What are the drugs use for Trigeminal Neuralgia?

carbamazepine(DOC), oxcarbazepine

NEUROPATHIC PAIN (POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA)

–gabapentin, pregabalin

MIGRAINE

–gabapentin, phenytoin, topiramate

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to a disorder of brain function characterized by the periodic and unpredictable occurrence of seizures

Epilepsy

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is the most widely e!ectivemode for the treatment of patients with epilepsy

Medication or vagalnerve stimulator therapy

Mod6- Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards

(68 cards)