modalities

Question 1

Most to least resistant

Answer 1

Bone Cartilage Tendon Skin Muscles Blood Nerve
(becareful to see my black needle)

Question 2

highest to lowest absorption in protein

Answer 2

bone cartilage tendon skin muscle nerve fat blood

Question 3

lowest to highest in absorption in fluid

Answer 3

blood fat nerve muscles skim tendon cartilage bone

Question 4

1.abilty to store electrical charges
2. unit

Answer 4

1. capacitance
2. farad

Question 5

1. intensity needed by the muscle to produce minimum muscle contraction
2. N

Answer 5

1. rheobase
2. 2-18 mA or 5-35 V

Question 6

1. time needed by the muscle to produce minimum muscle contraction
2. N

Answer 6

1. Chronaxie
2. <1 ms

Question 7

1.automatic rise in the threshold of excitation d/t gradual increase in the intensity of stimulus
2. Law associated in this

Answer 7

1. accommodation
2. Dubois-Reymond’s Law

Question 8

1. POLAR FORMULA
2. associated law

Answer 8

1. CCC>ACC>AOC>COC
2. Pleuger’s Law

Question 9

Resting membrane potential
1. nn
2. ms
3. heart
4. GIT

Answer 9

1. -70 mv
2. -90 mv
3. -88 mv
4. -56 mv

Question 10

main electrical properties of a nn.

Answer 10

a. electrical excitability
b. refractory period

Question 11

impossible for the cell to send more action potentials

Answer 11

absolute period

Question 12

supramaximal stimulus to stimulate

Answer 12

Relative period

Question 13

indication for monoplar technique

Answer 13

innervated ms

Question 14

indication for bipolar technique

Answer 14

innervated & denervated muscles

Question 15

1. <2000 hz
2. indication
3. examples

Answer 15

1. low frequency current
2. motor purposes
3. ES FES TENS

Question 16

1. 1000-10000 Hz
2. indication
   3, example

Answer 16

1. Medium Frequency Current
2. Sensory: for nerve and innervated
3. TENS, IFC, RUSSIAN

Question 17

1. > 10000 Hz
2. Indication
3. example

Answer 17

1. High Frequency Current
2. Thermal
3. Diathermy, US, UVR, IRR, LASER

Question 18

no off time increase risk of burns

Answer 18

direct constant current

Question 19

1. transfer of drugs into the body via direct current
2. associated law
3. Dosimetry

Answer 19

1. iontophoresis
2. law of repulsion
3. current intensity: 1-4 mA Tx time: 20-40 mins; 40-80 mAmin

Question 20

Electrodes Reaction Anode
pH
Color
Burn
Polarity
NCV
Effect
Function

Answer 20

less acidic
pinkish hyperemia
less burn
hyper polarization
less NCV
Sclerotic (hardening)
Function: Healing and closure

Question 21

Medications for anion cathode & indication

Answer 21

1. NaCl Adhesion
2. Salicylic Pain and Inflammation
3. Acetic Acid Calcium Deposits
4. Iodine Wounds and keloids
5. Dexamethasone Anti inflammatory
6. H20 Hyperhydrosis

Question 22

application of low frequency current via pulsed rectangular waveform through surface electrodes to reduce pain

Answer 22

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Question 23

1. a medium frequency current burst with a base frequency if 2500 hz and a burst of
   50hz
2. Duty cycle

Answer 23

1. Russian current
2. ms strength: 1:5
   fatigue 5:1
   rom 2:5
   pump 1:1

Question 24

a medium frequency current beat when 2 or more AC are applied simultaneously

Answer 24

interferential current

Question 25

study of electrical activities of contracting ms which provides information concerning the structure and function of motor units

Answer 25

EMG Biofeedback

Question 26

4 criteria of EMG biofeedback

Answer 26

1. good vision 2. good comprehension and communication 3. good motor control 4. No sensory deficit

Question 27

Inital and progressive for relaxation of emg biofeedback

Answer 27

initial: close spaced & low sensitivity detection progressive: wide spaced and high sensitivity

Question 28

Inital and progressive for strengthening of emg biofeedback

Answer 28

initial: wide spaced and high sensitivity progressive: close spaced and low sensitivity

Question 29

1. >20000 Hz which uses reverse piezoelectric effect 2. Crystals in the transducer head 3. Factors affecting the depth of penetration

Answer 29

1. Ultrasound 2. Quarts, Molybdenum, Ceramic 3. Frequency, Wavelength, Intensity, Mode

Question 30

progressive loss of acoustic power as distance travelled increase

Answer 30

attenuation

Question 31

factors affecting USD Absorption and penetration

Answer 31

1. Absorption 2. Beam Divergence 3. Deflection

Question 32

Nearfield

Answer 32

convergence fresnel

Question 33

far field

Answer 33

divergence fraunhoffer

Question 34

bouncing of US wave

Answer 34

reflection

Question 35

bending of US wave

Answer 35

refraction

Question 36

scattering of US wave

Answer 36

Dispersion

Question 37

scattering of US wave

Answer 37

Dispersion

Question 38

Irregularities in US Intensity due to irregular shape of quarts crystal

Answer 38

Beam Non-Uniformity Ratio

Question 39

Effects of BUNR

Answer 39

1. Decrease the USD effect 2. Increase risk for burn 3. Pain

Question 40

How to decrease BUNR

Answer 40

1. Use appropriate intensity 2. Move US Head constantly

Question 41

Type of pain felt in increase intensity in US.

Answer 41

Aching

Question 42

type of pain felt Insufficient coupling medium in US.

Answer 42

Burning

Question 43

type of pain in Defective US Machine

Answer 43

Electric

Question 44

Techniques used in USD

Answer 44

1. Direct Contact 2. Underwater/immersion technique 3. Cushioned Technique 4. Phonophoresis

Question 45

two types of shortwave diathermy

Answer 45

1. Electrostatic field 2. Electromagnetic field

Question 46

produces microwave diathermy

Answer 46

Magnetron

Question 47

Frequency and wavelength of MWD

Answer 47

2450 Mhz = 122.5 mm 415-4339 Mhz = 330mm

Question 48

Principles contributing to IRR intensity

Answer 48

1. Wien’s Law 2. Lambert Cosine Law 3. Inverse Square Law

Question 49

Wavelength and temp inversely proporti

Answer 49

Wien’s Law

Question 50

Intensity and angle

Answer 50

Lambert Cosine Law

Question 51

Intensity and distance

Answer 51

Inverse Square Law