Modals1

Question 1

Temel modallar

Must, can, could, might, may, should, will, would

Answer 1

Çekimlenebilen modallar

Have to, be able to, be likely to, supposed to

Question 2

Permission (izin isteyen) modals

May I + V1
Could I +V1
Can I + V1

May I open window?
Could I speak to you for a moment?
Can I use your phone for a minute?

Answer 2

Would you mind if I + V2
Would you mind if I opened the window?
Would you mind if I used your phone a minute?

Question 3

Polite Request (Rica Eden) Modals
Will you + V1
Can you + V1
Would you + V1
Could you + V1
Will you open the window, please?
Can you move to the right, please?
Would you speak a little louder, please?
Could you help me here, please?

Answer 3

Would you mind+ Ving
Would you mind opening the window, please?
Would you mind moving to right, please?

Question 4

Obligation ( Zorunluluk) Modals
Must: güçlü tavsiye, kendi içimizden kaynaklanan zorunluluk.
I must real more boks on personel finances.
You must tell me the truht if you want me to trust you.

Answer 4

Have to: zorunluluk, dışarıdan gelen kural, yönetmelik, kanun
A police officer has to wear a uniform.
You have to bring your child to school before 08.30

Çoğu zaman must = have to

Question 5

Had to vs Didn’t have to
Had to: yapmak zorunda kaldım ve yaptım
Didn’t have to: yapmak zorunda değildim ve yapmadım.
Didn’t have to = Didn’t need to

Answer 5

Our boss wanted us in the office on Sunday, so I had to go my workplace yesterday.

It was Sunday yesterday, so I didn’t have to wake up early.

Question 6

Don’t have to ≠ Mustn’t
don’t have to: yapmak zorunda değilsin.
mustn’t : yapmamalısın

Answer 6

You don’t have to spend vast amounts of money to start a small business. ( yüksek miktarda para harcamak zorunda değilsin.)
You mustn’t play with the data in your study to find the results that you want. ( … verilerle oynamamalısın)

Question 7

Mustn’t vs Can’t yasaklamalar için

Answer 7

You mustn’t drink alcohol before an important meeting. ( alkol içmemelisin)
You cannot drink alcohol before an important meeting.
(alkol içemezsin)

Question 8

Advice (tavsiye) Modals
should = ought to ≤ had better
ought to - az kullanılır, daha resmi
You ought to/ should speak to your advisor before choosing this elective course.
Ought not to - olumsuz
You ought not to point at someone in public. ( … elinle işaret etmemelisin)

Answer 8

Had better- daha güçlü hafif tehdit vari
“şöyle yapsan iyi edersin”
You had better prove your innocence to your boss; otherwise, you might get fired. (…. masumiyetini kanıtlasan iyi edersin.)
Had better not- olumsuz
You had better not start another discussion with your supervisor. (… yeni bir tartışma başlatmasan iyi edersin.)

Question 9

Özet
Should = ought to ≤ had better < must ≤ have to
(yapmamalısın) musn’t ≠ don’t have to (yapmak zorunda değilsin)

Answer 9

Don’t have to = don’t need to
mustn’t = cannot
ought to - ought not to
Had better - had better not

Question 10

Expectation ( beklenti) modals
Be supposed to = be expected to = be to
Yapman beklenir, gerekir

Answer 10

You are supposed to come to your workplace early. ( işyerine erken gitmen beklenir)
A customer is expected to leave a 15% to 20% tip at an American restaurant .( …. müşterinin %15- %20 bahşiş bırakması beklenir.)

Question 11

Was/ were supposed to
Geçmiş için gerçekleşmemiş beklenti gösterir.
şöyle yapmam gerekiyordu ama yapmadım

Answer 11

You were supposed to make an appointment before coming. ( … gelmeden önce randevu alman gerekiyordu.)

Question 12

Be to

am/is/are to

Answer 12

A secretary is to type around 60 words per minute.(.. bir sekreterin dakikada 60 kelime yazması beklenir.)

Question 13

am/is/are + to V1
am is are — ..tır
to V1 —- …mek/mak

Answer 13

My biggest aim is to find meaning in life.

En büyük amacım, hayatın içinde anlam bulmaktır.

Question 14

Suggestion ( Teklif) Modals
Let’s+ V1
Why don’t we+ V1
Shall I/we + V1

Answer 14

Let’s go fo a walk
Why don’t we postpone this meeting to tomorrow.
Shall we move to another house?

Question 15

Ability (yetenek) modals
Can
be able to

Answer 15

I can play piano

Question 16

Was/were able to ≠ could
Could= geçmişe dair genel yetenek
was/were able to = geçmişte şunu bir kez yapabildim.

Answer 16

I could climb for 8 hours non-stop when I was at university. ( … 8 saat tırmanabilirdim.)
Last Saturday, I was able to climb up Elmadağ for 3 hours non-stop (.. 3 saat tırmanabildim.)

Question 17

Couldn’t = Wasn’t/ weren’t able to

olumsuzda fark yok

Answer 17

I couldn’t sleep in the dark when I was a child. (genel)
I wasn’t able to sleep in the dark when I was a child.
Last week, I wasn’t able to climb with others to the top because I got too tired. ( … zirveye kadar tırmanamadım)
LAst week, I couldn’t climb with others to the top because I got too tired.