Model of Atoms Flashcards
- contains atom structure, bohr model, schrodinger model, octet rule, electron configuration... (17 cards)
what is an isotope?
isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons.
what is the difference between cations and anions
-cations have lost electrons meaning its charge is positive
-anions have gained electrons meaning its charge is negative
What was the conclusion made by Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
- atoms consist of mostly empty space, some of the alpha particles reflected back, but most passed through
What were the two key ideas proposed by Bohr’s model?
- electrons exist in discrete energy levels called shells
- electrons can move between these discrete energy levels
State the different orbitals, and how many electrons are in each
S- 2
P-6
D-10
F-14
What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?
atom- single particle with a single nucleus surrounded by electrons
molecule- multiple atoms bonded
why does the periodic table include 2 elements in the 1st period?
the first period contains a max. of 2 electrons. He is a noble gas so it’s on the far right.
why does the periodic gable include 8 elements in the second row?
2 in the S orbital, 6 in the P orbital
What is the difference between Bohr and Schrodinger model?
That electrons did not orbit the nucleus like planets, but had wave-like properties similar to light. Electrons existed somewhere in a region of space called an orbital
Define cation and anion
cation- lost electrons(+)
anion- gained electrons(-)
Define first ionisation energy
The energy required to completely remove the first valence electron from an atom.
What is the first electron shell called?
Ground state. electrons always try to go to the lowest energy level possible.
Write Schrodinger’s electron configuation for copper (29e-)
1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1 3d^10
What are some shortcomings of the Bohr model that Schrödinger’s model addressed?
- didn’t explain why each shell could hold 2n^2
- didn’t adress why 4s is filled before 3d subshell
Using Bohr’s model, explain how the emission spectra of of hydrogen is produced, and how the colour of the emission spectrum is determined.
-produced when excited electrons droip down to ground state
- the difference in energy levles determines the energy and wave length of light, which determines colour emitted
What is atomic radius?
- a measure of the atoms size
- it decreases across the period (core charge)
- increases down a group (increase in shells)
why does the periodic table have no transition metals in the first 3 periods?
1d, 2d doesnt exist. 3d is in the 4th period, because 3d has a higher energy level than 4s.
