Model powłokowy Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is the nuclear shell model?
A model that describes the structure of atomic nuclei in terms of energy levels or ‘shells’ for protons and neutrons.
True or False: In the nuclear shell model, nucleons are arranged in shells similar to electrons in an atom.
True
What are the two types of nucleons considered in the nuclear shell model?
Protons and neutrons.
Fill in the blank: The nuclear shell model is based on the principles of ________ mechanics.
quantum
What does the term ‘magic numbers’ refer to in the nuclear shell model?
Specific numbers of nucleons that result in more stable nuclei.
List the first four magic numbers.
2, 8, 20, 28.
True or False: Magic numbers correspond to complete shells of nucleons.
True
What is the significance of the energy gap in the nuclear shell model?
It indicates that certain configurations of nucleons are more stable than others.
Which quantum numbers are associated with nucleons in the nuclear shell model?
Principal quantum number, orbital angular momentum quantum number, and total angular momentum quantum number.
What is the Pauli exclusion principle in the context of the nuclear shell model?
No two nucleons can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
Fill in the blank: The nuclear shell model helps explain the ________ of atomic nuclei.
stability
Multiple choice: Which of the following describes nucleons in the nuclear shell model? A) They move freely in space B) They are confined to discrete energy levels C) They are always in pairs
B) They are confined to discrete energy levels.
What role do spin and parity play in the nuclear shell model?
They characterize the quantum states of nucleons and determine the properties of the nucleus.
True or False: The nuclear shell model is applicable to all isotopes of elements.
False
What is the primary limitation of the nuclear shell model?
It does not fully account for the interactions between nucleons.
What does the term ‘deformation’ refer to in nuclear physics?
The deviation of a nucleus from a spherical shape, which can affect its stability.
Fill in the blank: The nuclear shell model can explain the ________ of certain isotopes.
isotopic stability
Which experimental evidence supports the nuclear shell model?
Observations of nuclear energy levels and the existence of magic numbers.
What is the significance of the neutron-proton ratio in the nuclear shell model?
It influences the stability and structure of the nucleus.
True or False: The nuclear shell model can be used to predict the decay modes of isotopes.
True
What is the role of the strong nuclear force in the context of the nuclear shell model?
It is the force that holds nucleons together within the nucleus.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a magic number? A) 50 B) 82 C) 100 D) 126
C) 100
What does the term ‘nuclear shell closure’ mean?
A condition where a nucleus has a complete shell of nucleons, leading to increased stability.
What is the relationship between the nuclear shell model and nuclear fission?
The model helps explain the stability of certain nuclei and why some are prone to fission.
