Models/Theories of Addiction

Question 1

two major hypotheses (addiction & PTSD)

Answer 1

1. substance use and abuse is an attempt to numb traumatic experiences.
2. the use or misuse makes them more susceptible for trauma

Question 2

addictive personality

Answer 2

-makes the mistake of labelling all alcoholics and other addicts as possessing a particular personality that may lead to addiction.

Question 3

psychological vulnerability

Answer 3

personality traits that make a pattern of substance dependence more likely to develop

Question 4

personality disorders with the strongest relationship to substance abuse

Answer 4

narcissism (top)
Borderline personality disorder (second)

Question 5

self-medication motive

Answer 5

drug use is not a random phenomenon. Purposeful attempt by user to numb painful feelings.

Question 6

depression/mania with alcoholics

Answer 6

1.5- 2 times more likely MDD
10x more incidences of mania in women and men 3x increase

Question 7

SAD (seasonal affective disorder)

Answer 7

form of depression that may lead to increased alcohol/drug use during winter times.

Question 8

comorbid disorders

Answer 8

• also known as dual disorders, co-occurring disorders.
  -condition of having both a psychiatric diagnosis and a chemical dependency diagnosis. overlap occurs

Question 9

Affective Disorders

Answer 9

Q’s to ask- severity, frequency, duration, precipitating factors

Question 10

Mood Disorders

Answer 10

• MDD, dysthymic disorder, atypical depression, organic depression, bipolar disorder, cyclothymic disorder

Question 11

MDD

Answer 11

-may occur as a single episode or as repeated episodes over the years.
-clear onset
-can last from 6 to 12 months, longer episodes may require careful attentiveness and sensitivity to potential suicide attempts.

Question 12

Dysthymia

Answer 12

mood disorder of longer term than MDD but low-grade depression

Question 13

Atypical depression

Answer 13

• common diagnosis for many adult children of alcoholics.
  -intense or sudden depression in response to interpersonal loss or threatened interpersonal loss.

Question 14

organic depression

Answer 14

• a result of organic factors such as brain tumours, head injuries, and nutritional deficiencies. physical illness and alcohol/drug use.

Question 15

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 15

• themes seen in BPD and substance abuse (strong emphasis on depression, predominance of hopelessness, specific pattern of medication noncompliance, patients labeling their substance abuse as self-medication.

Question 16

Mania

Answer 16

Characteristics (euphoria, irritability, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, excessive spending, grandiosity, pressured speech, increased preoccupation with sexuality, religion and philosophical beliefs.)

Question 17

Personality

Answer 17

ingrained pattern of behaviour that each person evolves, both consciously and unconsciously as the style of life or way of being in adapting to the environment.

Question 18

Personality Disorders

Answer 18

3 clusters (MAD, BAD, SAD)

Question 19

Cluster A

Answer 19

odd and eccentric traits and may lead to psychiatric conditions (delusional disorder or schizophrenia)

Question 20

Cluster B

Answer 20

erratic, emotional or dramatic (strongest association with substance abuse, includes antisocial and BPD)

Question 21

Cluster C

Answer 21

feelings of fear and anxiety

Question 22

affect intolerance

Answer 22

the inability to recognize, regulate and tolerate emotions

Question 23

regressive behaviours that are linked to substance use

Answer 23

impulsivity (cannot delay gratification), self-centeredness (stubborn and defiant, lacks empathy), passivity (withdrawn, isolated), affect intolerance (difficulty recognizing feelings, fears feelings)

Question 24

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Answer 24

a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy

Question 25

Pathways to trauma and SUD in teens

Answer 25

1. substance abuse precedes trauma, meaning they engage in risky behaviours that cause trauma
2. substance abuse interferes with their ability to cope with the trauma
3. substance abuse occur with self-medicating from trauma

Question 26

guidelines for treatment of co-morbidities

Answer 26

• establish therapeutic alliance
• manage their symptoms (SUD or psychiatric)
  -provide education, determine need for medication, develop a plan, encourage adherence to plan, involve family, early recognition and identify factors, facilitate access to recourses.

Question 27

Classification of disorders that co-occur with SUD

Answer 27

internal- depression, anxiety, trauma, suicidal thoughts
external- conduct disorder, ADHD, victimization, physical violence, illegal activity.