Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gen. Bio 18-1|18-2| 18-3 > Modern Evolutionary Classification > Flashcards

Modern Evolutionary Classification Flashcards

1
Q

_________ is the study of evolutionary relationships among organisms.

A

Phylogeny

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biologists currently group organisms into categories that represent lines of _____(sentence)

A

evolutionary descent, or phylogeny, not just physical similarities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The strategy of grouping organisms is based on evolutionary history and is called ______

A

evolutionary classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The higher the level of the _______, the further back in time is the common ancestor of all the organisms in the taxon.

A

Taxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Organisms that appear very _______ may not share a recent common ancestor.

A

Similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Different Methods of Classification

A

•CLASSIFICATION BASED ON VISIBLE SIMILARITY
•CLADOGRAM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Many biologists now use a method called cladistic analysis.

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members are called derived characters.

A

Classification Using Cladograms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Many biologists now use a method called

A

cladistic analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members are called

A

derived characters.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

can be used to construct a cladogram

A

Derived characters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Derived characters can be used to construct a ______, a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

A

Cladogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

A

Cladogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A _______ shows the evolutionary relationships between crabs, barnacles, and limpets.

A

Cladogram

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships between ________,________ , and ________.

A

crabs, barnacles, and limpets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level.

Similarities in DNA can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships.

A

Similarities in DNA and RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The genes of many organisms show important similarities at the __________

A

Molecular level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Similarities in ______ can be used to help determine classification and evolutionary relationships.

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The _______ of many organisms show important similarities at the molecular level.

A

Genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The more similar the DNA of two species, the more recently they shared a common ancestor, and the more closely they are related in evolutionary terms.

A

DNA Evidence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A ___________ uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently.

A

Molecular clock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Systems of classification adapt to new discoveries.

A

The Tree of Life Evolves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

__________ adapt to new discoveries.

A

Systems of classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_______ classified organisms into two kingdoms- animals and plants.

A

Linnaeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Five Kingdoms

A

• Monera

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Recently, biologists recognized that Monera were composed of two distinct groups:
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
26
The six-kingdom system of classification includes:
• Eubacteria • Archaebacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia
27
Introduced in 1700's
Plantae and Animalia
28
Introduced in Late 1800's
Protista, Plantae, Animalia
29
Introduced in 1950
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
30
Introduced in 1990's
Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
31
Molecular analyses have given rise to a new taxonomic category that is now recognized by many scientists. The domain is a more inclusive category than any other larger than a kingdom.
The Three-Domain System
32
___________ __________have given rise to a new taxonomic category that is now recognized by many scientists.
Molecular Analyses
33
The ________ is a more inclusive category than any other _______( a sentence)
domain, than a kingdom.
34
The three domains are:
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
35
Eukarya, which is composed of (4 blank)
protists, fungi, plants, and animals.
36
Bacteria, which corresponds to the (1 blank)
kingdom Eubacteria.
37
Archaea, which corresponds to the kingdom
Archaebacteria
38
Members of the domain Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes. Their cells have thick, rigid cell walls that surround a cell membrane. Their cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
Domain Bacteria
39
Members of the domain Bacteria are
unicellular prokaryotes.
40
Their cells have _______,_______ _____ _______ that surround a cell membrane.
thick, rigid cell walls
41
Domain Bacteria Their cell walls contain _________
peptidoglycan
42
Domain Bacteria: KINGDOM: CELL TYPE: CELL STRUCTURES: NUMBER OF CELLS: MODE OF NUTRITION: EXAMPLES:
KINGDOM: Eubacteria CELL TYPE: Prokaryote CELL STRUCTURES: Cell walls with peptidoglycan NUMBER OF CELLS: Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION: Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES: Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
43
Members of the domain Archaea are unicellular prokaryotes. Many live in extreme environments. Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan, and their cell membranes contain unusual lipids not found in any other organism.
Domain Archaea
44
Members of the domain Archaea are
unicellular prokaryotes.
45
Domain Archaea Many live in
extreme environments.
46
Their cell walls lack _____, and their cell membranes contain ________ ________ not found in any other organism.
peptidoglycan, unusual lipids
47
Domain Archaea: KINGDOM: CELL TYPE: CELL STRUCTURES: NUMBER OF CELLS: MODE OF NUTRITION: EXAMPLES:
KINGDOM: Archaebacteria CELL TYPE: Prokaryote CELL STRUCTURES: Cell walls without peptidoglycan NUMBER OF CELLS: Unicellular MODE OF NUTRITION: Autotroph or heterotroph EXAMPLES: Methanogens, halophiles
48
The domain Eukarya consists of organisms that have a nucleus. This domain is organized into four kingdoms: • Protista • Fungi •Plantae • Animalia
Domain Eukarya
49
The domain Eukarya consists of organisms that (2 blank)
have a nucleus
50
Domain Eukarya This domain is organized into four kingdoms:
• Protista • Fungi •Plantae •Animalia
51
The kingdom (blank) is composed of eukaryotic organisms that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi.
Protista
52
Its members display the greatest variety
Protista
53
Protista can be unicellular or ______; photosynthetic or ______; and can share characteristics with ______, ______, or _____.
Multicellular, heterotrophic, plants, fungi, animals
54
Members of the kingdom Fungi are heterotrophs. Most fungi feed on dead or decaying organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing small food molecules into their bodies. They can be either multicellular (mushrooms) or unicellular (yeasts).
Fungi
55
Members of the kingdom Fungi are _________
heterotrophs
56
Most fungi feed on ____ or ____ organic matter by (3 blank) into it and absorbing small food molecules into their bodies.
Dead or decaying by secreting digestive enzymes
57
They can be either multicellular (mushrooms) or unicellular (yeasts).
Fungi
58
Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs. Plants are nonmotile-they cannot move from place to place. Plants have cell walls that contain cellulose.
Plantae
59
Members of the kingdom Plantae are multicellular, (2 blank)
Photosynthetic autotrophs
60
Plants are _______-they cannot move from place to place.
Nonmotile
61
Plants have cell walls that contain
cellulose
62
Members of the kingdom Animalia are multicellular and heterotrophic. The cells of animals do not have cell walls. There is great diversity within the animal kingdom, and many species exist in nearly every part of the planet.
Animalia
63
Members of the kingdom Animalia are (2 blank)
multicellular and heterotrophic.
64
The cells of animals (sentence)
do not have cell walls.
65
There is great diversity within the (2 blank), and many species exist in nearly every part of the planet.
Animal Kingdom
66
and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms.
Natural selection
67
Biologists have identified and named about
1.5 million species so far.
68
They estimate that (blank) additional species have yet to be discovered
2-100 million
69
Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a (2 blank) to name organisms and group them in a logical manner.
classification system
70
In the discipline of (blank), scientists classify organisms and assign each organism a universally accepted name.
Taxonomy
71
Common names of organisms vary, so scientists assign one name for each species. Always in Latin.
Assigning Scientific Names
72
(Blank)/developed a naming system called binomial nomenclature.
Carolus Linneaus
73
Carolus Linneaus developed a naming system called
binomial nomenclature
74
In (2 blank), each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
Binomial nomenclature
75
The scientific name is
italicized
76
Linnaeus not only named species, he also grouped them into categories.
Linnaeus's System of Classification
77
Linnaeus's seven levels of classification are-from smallest to largest-
•species • genus • family • order • class •phylum •kingdom
78
Each level is called a (blank), or taxonomic category.
Taxon
79
are the two smallest categories.
Species and genus
80
Genera that share many characteristics are grouped in a larger category, the
Family
81
An (blank) is a broad category composed of similar families
Order
82
The next larger category, the (blank), is composed of similar orders.
Class
83
Several different classes make up a
Phylum
84
Domain Bacteria example
Streptococcus & Escherichia coli
85
Example of Domain Archae Bacteria
Methanogens & halophiles

Gen. Bio 18-1|18-2| 18-3 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions