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Modern medicine (NHS, antibiotics, vaccinations) (medicine through time) Flashcards

(9 cards)

1
Q

Why was the NHS created?

A

• Before 1948, healthcare was expensive and not accessible to all.
• The Beveridge Report (1942) recommended free healthcare for all.
• Introduced by Aneurin Bevan, Minister of Health.
• Aimed to provide free medical treatment, hospitals, GPs, dentists, and prescriptions.

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2
Q

What were the effects of the NHS?

A

• Improved public health by making healthcare accessible to all.
• Increased life expectancy and reduced deaths from disease.
• More demand led to longer waiting times and higher costs for the government.

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3
Q

How did Fleming discover penicillin?

A

• In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed that mould killed bacteria.
• Identified the mould as Penicillium, which became penicillin.
• Could kill harmful bacteria and treat infections.

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4
Q

How was penicillin turned into a usable drug?

A

• Howard Florey and Ernst Chain (1939) developed ways to mass-produce it.
• World War II increased demand, leading to funding from the US and UK governments.
• By 1945, penicillin was widely available and saved millions of lives.

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5
Q

How did antibiotics change medicine?

A

• Revolutionized treatment of bacterial infections.
• Reduced deaths from infections like pneumonia and tuberculosis.
• Led to antibiotic resistance due to overuse.

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6
Q

How did Edward Jenner create the first vaccine?

A

• Observed that milkmaids with cowpox did not catch smallpox.
• In 1796, tested his theory by injecting cowpox into a boy, who became immune.
• Led to the development of vaccination.

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7
Q

How have vaccinations helped global health?

A

• Eradicated smallpox (declared eradicated in 1980).
• Mass vaccination programs control diseases like polio, measles, and COVID-19.
• Herd immunity protects entire populations.

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8
Q

How did the discovery of DNA impact medicine?

A

• Watson and Crick (1953) discovered the structure of DNA.
• Allowed for genetic research, gene therapy, and the Human Genome Project (2003).
• Helped develop targeted treatments for genetic disorders and cancers.

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9
Q
A
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