Modern Migration

Question 1

why did belgians migrate during ww1?

Answer 1

In 1914, when Germany invaded Belgium at the start of WW1, Belgians fled to Britain which offered a safe haven until the war was over

Question 2

how many belgians migrated at the start of ww1?

Answer 2

250,000

Question 3

how were belgian migrants treated?

Answer 3

Greeted warmly at first - charities found homes for them across the country. Some britain people started to resent their presence as the war dragged on

Question 4

what did the government do to belgian refugees after ww1 finished?

Answer 4

the british government made it clear that they wanted/expected all British Belgiums to leave - free one way tickets back to belgium were provided

Question 5

what impacts did belgian migrants have?

Answer 5

Helped with the labour shortages and helped out in factories + stuff?

Question 6

why did jews migrate?

Answer 6

As Nazi persecution intensified Jews tried to seek safety in other countries, including Britain.

Question 7

how many jews migrated during ww2?

Answer 7

Over 500,000 applied for entry. Britain had accepted 11,000 of these by the autumn of 1938. The news of the Kristallnacht attacks led Britain to accept about 60,000 Jews in total

Question 8

attitudes towards jews migrants

Answer 8

1905 aliens act still in place and the anti-alien mood shown in 1919 was still strong. Marches by a growing number of British fascists showed their support for Hitler’s anti-Jewish policies.

Question 9

what did the 1905 aliens act state?

Answer 9

The 1905 Aliens Act meant that no migrants should be admitted unless they had money or a job to go to

Question 10

government reaction to jewish migrants

Answer 10

Despite opposition, the government decided to allow Jews to come to Britain provided they could show that they would not be a financial burden on the state

Question 11

what was the kindertransport

Answer 11

days after Kristallnacht, the British government was persuaded to lift all visa and passport restrictions and allow immediate entry to Britain for Jews under 17 years of age, provided someone would take full financial responsibility for each one.

Question 12

how did the british public react to the kindertransport

Answer 12

British people of all types welcomed the children into their homes. Some paid the full amount out of their own pocket.

Question 13

who was nicholas winston?

Answer 13

Nicholas Winton, was a key player in the kindertrasnport and saved almost 700 children by his efforts.

Question 14

reasons for lascars migration during ww1

Answer 14

So many British merchant seamen had been drafted into the Royal Navy during the war that the government hired many thousands of Lascar sailors from all over the empire to work on cargo ships.

Question 15

how did the british feel about lascars working?

Answer 15

British born workers in ports turned on the Lascars fearing that employers would hire them rather than British-born workers whose wages would be higher.

Question 16

where did fighting take place between english and poc?

Answer 16

Some of the worst fighting happened in Butetown, Cardiff, also known as Tiger Bay. It was a working-class, mixed-race community

Question 17

what impacts did lascars have?

Answer 17

Help the economy during the war, kept cargo ships running

Question 18

When ww1 broke out the government quickly passed the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act. What was it?

Answer 18

All ‘enemy aliens’ had to register at police stations and show evidence of good character and knowledge of English. If they could not do this, they could be deported

Question 19

number of germans deported and interned?

Answer 19

just under 29,000 were deported. Over 32,000 of those who stayed were interned in camps like Knockaloe on the Isle of Man.

Question 20

experiences for germans in knockaloe

Answer 20

They lived in huts and spent their time gardening, reading, performing plays and developing craft skills.

Question 21

why was knockaloe unnecassary

Answer 21

the ‘enemy aliens’ had all proved their loyalty to Britain. Their only offence was that they were not full British citizens and they were old enough to serve in the German army.

Question 22

other experiences for german migrants living in britain

Answer 22

Many attacks against germans living in england during the war, very negative feelings. 2000 german properties attacked in london

Question 23

what happened to german migrants when ww2 broke out

Answer 23

Enemy aliens checked when ww2 broke out. Most were long-term residents or refugees who had escaped from Nazism

Question 24

what happened to germans in italians in britain when italy joined the war?

Answer 24

British mobs attacked Italian and German shops. government began mass internment of German and Italian residents. Even German Jews who had escaped Nazism were interned, some finding themselves imprisoned alongside Nazi sympathisers.

Question 25

what were the reasons for polish migrating to britain?

Answer 25

1939 Poland was occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union. Thousands of Poles fled to Britain which was their closest ally at that time.

Question 26

what impacts did polish migrants have?

Answer 26

Polish pilots shot down one in seven of the German planes destroyed in the Battle of Britain. Polish experts helped to break the German Enigma secret codes which shortened the war significantly.

Question 27

what was the 1948 Nationality act?

Answer 27

ll citizens of the Commonwealth had the right to hold passports and enter Britain - they were seen as british and britain really needed workers

Question 28

what was windrush

Answer 28

the ship arrived in Tilbury from Jamaica in June 1948 carrying 492 West Indians

Question 29

why did people migrate on the windrush

Answer 29

come to find work especially in britain’s health service and transport systems - wages in britain were better

Question 30

attitudes towards black commonwealth migrants?

Answer 30

Although far larger numbers of white immigrants were entering the country, negative attitudes were focused on black migrants - they suffered discrimination, hotels + restaurants + dance halls refused entery to balck people.

Question 31

clive walker (negative black experience example)

Answer 31

Clive Walker was looking for a room in Birmingham in the early 1960s - was told room was gone but it wasn’t

Question 32

what happened in the late 1950s?

Answer 32

workers no longer needed in such large numbers.

Question 33

Notting hill attacks

Answer 33

In 1958 in Notting Hill, West London a gang beat up 5 Black men, with metal bars, causing serious injury.

Question 34

Kelso Cochrane (negative black experiences example)

Answer 34

May 1959, Kelso Cochrane, a 32 year old Antiguan, was stabbed to death by a white gang in Nottingham Hill, London.

Question 35

reaction to kelso cochrane’s murder

Answer 35

Over 1,000 people, white + black, lined the streets for his funeral and contributed to a collection that was sent to his mother in Antigua.

Question 36

who was sam king

Answer 36

Sam King was a windrush passenger and later became Mayor of Southwark and had been awarded an MBE.

Question 37

commonwealth migrants impacts

Answer 37

Helped in Britain’s health services and transport systems + did valuable work in keeping key services such as nurses and bus drivers.

Question 38

how did commonwealth migrants help after ww2?

Answer 38

Helped to rebuild britain after ww2. In 1960 - 100,000 -large amount of west indians came to do public service work - nhs survived because of migration

Question 39

commonwealth impact on government and politics

Answer 39

impacted government action as they tried to limit migration but also lead to laws against racism. Rise in political action groups