Modern Period 1900-Present Flashcards
(42 cards)
Name the scientists who discovered the structure of the DNA and when?
Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA in 1953
List lifestyle factors that may cause disease
Unprotected sex
Drugs
Alcohol
Smoking
Too much sun
Diet
In the 19th century there was also the first detailed reports about the impact of living conditions on people health, list 3:
Edwin Chadwick’s report on the sanitary conditions of the labouring population, 1842
Charles Booth’s life and labour of the people in London, 1891-1903
Seebohm Rowntree’s poverty: A study of town life, 1901
Who discovered and developed the Electron microscope and when?
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll in 1931
New methods of diagnosing:
Blood tests
Blood pressure monitors
Endoscopes
ECGs
Ultrasound scans
CT scans
X-rays
MRI scans
When were blood tests first used?
1930s
When were blood pressure monitors first used?
1880s
When were endoscopes first used?
1900s
When was blood sugar monitoring first used?
1960s
When were ECGs first used?
1900s
When were ultrasound scans first used?
1940s
When were CT scans first used?
1970s
When were X-rays first used?
1890s
When were MRI scans first used?
1970s
What is a magic bullet?
a chemical cure that would attack the microbes in the body causing disease, leaving the body unharmed
What was the first magic bullet called and who discovered it and when?
Salvarsan 600 was the first magic bullet, discovered by Vlata a Japanese scientist. It treated syphilis
When was the NHS launched?
in 1948 by the government
How did the NHS change the way people were cared for during this period?
It provides the same level of service for everyone in the nation
List high tech medical and surgical treatments being carried out in the 20th century.
Keyhole surgery
Robotic surgery and Microsurgery
Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Kidney dialysis
Organ transplants
List hereditary diseases and why the discovery of them is beneficial:
It is beneficial as doctors now understand that certain factors do not always cause disease.
Down syndrome
Haemophilia
Breast cancer
Explain the Human Genome Project
Launched in 1990 by James Watson. For 10 years 18 teams of scientists all over the world worked together to map and decode the human genome.
Explain the discovery of Penicillin
In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed that bacteria in a petri dish was being killed by a penicillin mould. after doing further research he discovered that it made an excellent antibiotic. In 1929, he published his findings and several years later Florey and Chain continued to Fleming’s research and came to the realisation that it also worked on humans.
Mass production of penicillin process
UK factories were being devoted to war efforts therefore it was difficult for Florey to mass produce penicillin considering that it needed a lot of space. In 1941 Florey then reached out to US drug companies and few agreed but it showed the effectiveness of penicillin. US began mass production in 1942 after entering WW2 and Britain began mass production in 1943.
What is the most known drug that caused many issues to those that took it?
Thalidomide (1960s) caused deformities to new born babies since it promised it would treat morning sickness. Since this error society have seen the importance of trialling drugs efficiently.
