Modern Period c.1750-c.1900 (Revolutions)

Question 1

Democratic Revolutions in the West (c.1750)

Answer 1

Remove Monarchy; Switch to Democracy (Absolute Power -> Limited Power)

Question 2

Turning Point - 1450

Answer 2

• European Maritime Exploration
• trade linked Europe to Asia/America

Question 3

CAUSATION: Democratic Revolutions (West)

Answer 3

• COLONIAL INDEPENDENCE
• ENLIGHTENMENT (intellectual movement)
• Upset about NEW taxes (Stamp &Tea Tax)
• Mercantilism (Raw Materials ->expensive manufactured goods)
• King sent troops to Colonies & fired people at protest
• Thomas Pain’s “Common Sence”

Question 4

EFFECTS: Democratic Revolutions (West)

Answer 4

• INSPIRE other revolutions
• CREATED democracy with limited power
• SPREAD Liberalism (Enlightenment ideas)
• Wrote Consitution (laws/rule) & Bill of Rights (rights gov. protects)
• Split gov. into 3 BRANCHES
• France helps ->Economic Crisis (Kill King)

Question 5

Enlightenment (Liberalism)

Answer 5

• Intellectual Movement(science explains the world)
• Challenged traditional thinking (religion+ divine right)
• John Locke (natural rights)
• Montesquieu (Separation of Power)
• Rousseau (Social Contract)

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

• 3 Natural Rights (Life, Liberty, Property)
• Gov. authority comes from the people (consent)
• Gov. MUST protect rights
• INFLUENCED: Thomas Jefferson(wrote dec of ind.)

Question 7

Charles-Louis Montesquieu

Answer 7

• 3 Branches= SEPARATE POWER
• Legislative: make laws
• Executive: enforce laws
• Judicial: interpret laws
• INFLUENCED: James Madison (Father of Consitution)

Question 8

Jean- Jacques Rousseau

Answer 8

• SOCIAL CONTRACT (People & Gov.)
• Citizens accept responsibilities/rights
  -Gov. protects rights
• INFLUENCED: Simón Bolívar (liberate Venesuela)

Question 9

French Revolution

Answer 9

• War to remove government
• More violent than American REv. (10x more)
• lasted 10 years

Question 10

CAUSATION: French Revolution

Social Class System:(unfair)
1st Estate: Chruch
2nd Estate: Nobility
3rd Estate:Bourgeoisie(led rev.)90% of pop

Answer 10

• ENLIGHTENMENT ideas
• TAXES (increased & unfair)
• DESTROY unfair social class system
• Inspired by Ame. Rev. (challenge king)
• ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
• Kings/Nobles spent money on luxury lifestyle
• In debt from 7 year of war & helping
  America
• BAD HARVEST -> expensive/lack of food (overcrowding/unemployment -> tension)

Question 11

EFFECT: French Revolution

Answer 11

• NO STABLE/FAIR DEMOCRACY
• SPREAD LIBERALISM (long-term)
• NEW basic set of laws
• ALL monarchs lost power
• Removed feudal obligations
• Freedom of thought/religion
• Removed property of church & closed monasteries
• Church/Nobility pay taxes
• Patriarchy Continues -> Feminism

Question 12

Olympe de Gouge - Marie Gouze

Answer 12

• written during French Revolution
• Women desire natural right to be free
• Make women aware of inequalities

Question 13

Revolutions in Latin America