Modern Psychology

Question 1

What are some of the prominent fields in modern psychology?

Answer 1

Developmental, personality, and social psychology

Question 2

What is developmental psychology?

Answer 2

The study of age-related changes in behavior and mental processes from conception to death.

Question 3

Who developed the clinical method?

Answer 3

Jean Piaget

Question 4

What is the clinical method?

Answer 4

The investigative technique of asking probing questions and recording responses without judgment.

Question 5

What does Piaget’s stage model theory explain about a child’s development?

Answer 5

Children’s understanding of the world goes through a series of transformations.

Question 6

What are the stages involved in Piaget’s stage model theory?

Answer 6

Operation
Assimilation
Accommodation
Equilibration

Question 7

Define Operation according to Piaget’s stage model theory.

Answer 7

Piaget’s term for a logical thought process

Question 8

Define Assimilation according to Piaget’s stage model theory.

Answer 8

A process whereby new information is incorporated into existing cognitive structures.

Question 9

Define Accommodation according to Piaget’s stage model theory.

Answer 9

Process whereby new information leads to the construction of novel cognitive structures.

Question 10

Define Equilibration according to Piaget’s stage model theory.

Answer 10

The process of aligning cognitive structures with current environmental conditions.

Question 11

What is genetic epistemology?

Answer 11

The study of the origin of knowledge. It talks about the origin of something not necessarily DNA.

Question 12

Lev Vygotsky believed that there were three types of speech present in children. What are they? Define.

Answer 12

Social speech: When children talk with other people

Private speech: When children talk out loud to themselves

Inner speech: Finally, when children learn to enlist language for thinking

Question 13

What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

Answer 13

the difference between a child’s actual and potential development.
He believed that would help tailor the learning of a child.

Question 14

Which psychologist did an extensive study on hospitalized children?

Answer 14

John Bowlby

Question 15

What conclusion did Bowlby come to when studying hospitalized children?

Answer 15

The importance of having emotional and psychological needs met through having safe and loving relationships with caregivers.

Question 16

Define Attachment

Answer 16

The deep emotional bond that develops between an infant and their mother.

However, this dynamic can exist between a child and any caregiver.

Question 17

What is the Internal working model?

Answer 17

An infant’s mental framework for understanding how relationships work based on interactions with caregivers.

Question 18

Define Attachment Theory

Answer 18

The proposal that the kind of caregiver-infant bond that develops in the first year has significant consequences for later social, emotional, and personality development.

Question 19

What is the security theory?

Answer 19

Infants need to develop a secure dependence upon their caregivers in order to develop the coping skills necessary for navigating a complex adult world.

Question 20

What is a secure base, according to attachment styles?

Answer 20

The conceptualization of the caregiver’s role as providing a safe zone from which the child can explore the world and to which they can retreat when frightened.

Question 21

Mary Ainsworth developed three different attachment styles. What are they? Define.

Answer 21

Secure attachment: A mother-infant bond in which the baby is distressed by their mother’s departure but soothed by her return.

Insecure attachment-avoidant: mother-infant bond in which the baby is not distressed by their mother’s departure and shows little interest in her return

Insecure attachment- Anxious: A mother-infant bond in which the baby is distressed by their mother’s departure but is not soothed by her return.

Question 22

What is disorganized attachment?

Answer 22

When babies would display behaviors that could not be accounted for by the other three attachment styles.

Question 23

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 23

The proposal that children learn strategies for dealing with the world by copying the behaviors of their parents.

Question 24

What is the Social cognitive theory?

Answer 24

The proposal that people construct their own lives by choosing for themselves which models to emulate and which to reject.

Question 25

What is Perceptual Learning?

Answer 25

The process of becoming more sensitive to the meaningful aspects of a visual scene.

Question 26

What is temperament?

Answer 26

The behavioral profile that is present in the infant at birth

Question 27

What is the mean length of utterance?

Answer 27

The average number of meaningful units per sentence, used as a measure of language development.

Question 28

What did psychologists Kenneth & Mamie Clark show through their doll study?

Answer 28

A clear confirmation of the impact of racial segregation amongst children who were of color.

Question 29

What did psychologist Martha Bernal bring up as a psychologist that changed how research was conducted/

Answer 29

That the systemic racism of American society was paralleled within the field of psychology.

She believed in multicultural psychology which encounraged diversity

Question 30

What is personality psychology?

Answer 30

The study of a person’s characteristic ways of feeling, acting, and thinking.

Question 31

What is the Three needs theory, as proposed by David McClelland?

Answer 31

The proposal that an individual’s personality is shaped by the three basic needs of achievement, power, and affiliation, one of which will dominate.