Modern States Unit 1

Question 1

Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the results of Rutherford’s experiments in which gold atoms were bombarded with alpha particles?

Answer 1

The positive charge of an atom is concentrated in a small region.

Question 2

What do the basic units in the SI system include?

Answer 2

length, mass, time, temperature, amount, electric current, and luminous intensity

Question 3

What refers to how consistent values are to each other?

Answer 3

percission

Question 4

What refers to how close values are to the accepted value?

Answer 4

accuracy

Question 5

What includes that any non-zero digit is significant, zeros in between digits are significant

Answer 5

The rules for significant figures

Question 6

What involves chemical equations and net ionic equations?

Answer 6

Chemical reactions

Question 7

What shows the driving force behind the reaction?

Answer 7

The net ionic equation

Question 8

What is the order of which the names of bonded substances?

Answer 8

metal first then nonmetal*

*Exceptions include nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen,always in this order

Question 9

What compounds need prefixes, with the second element always having a prefix?

Answer 9

Covalent

Question 10

What type of ions have positive charges?

Answer 10

Cations

Question 11

What are polyatomic ions with different numbers of oxygen atoms

Answer 11

Oxyanions

Question 12

What has a specific number of water molecules associated with the ions?

Answer 12

Hydrates

Question 13

What type of ions have negative charges and usually arise from nonmetals?

Answer 13

Anions

Question 14

Who’s experiments showed that electrons had a negative charge and were attracted to the positive end and repelled by the negative end?

Answer 14

J.J. Thompson’s

Question 15

What experiment did J.J. Thompson do to prove his theory?

Answer 15

cathode ray tube

Question 16

Who’s experiment determined the mass and charge of the electron and
what was the experiment to prove this?

Answer 16

Milikan and the oil drop experiment

Question 17

What are all atoms are made out of?

Answer 17

subatomic particles, namely protons, neutrons, and electrons

Question 18

Who did the gold foil experiment proposed that atoms had a tiny nucleus that was extremely massive and contained protons and neutrons, while electrons orbited around the nucleus?

Answer 18

Rutherford

Question 19

What have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?

Answer 19

Isotopes

Question 20

What is a weighted average of the mass numbers of all isotopes in an element?

Answer 20

Atomic weight

Question 21

What analyzes the mass of element by ionizing a sample and measuring the deflection of the particles in a magnetic field?

Answer 21

A mass spectrometer

Question 22

Isotopes within the band of stability are more stable, with magic numbers of what, to further increase stability?

Answer 22

nucleons

Question 23

Radioactive decay can occur to achieve what?

Answer 23

stability

Question 24

True/False
Nuclear reactions include beta decay, gamma decay, and nuclear decay.

Answer 24

False
Nuclear reactions include beta decay, gamma division, and nuclear fission.

Question 25

What type of decay includes beta minus decay, beta plus decay or positron emission, and electron capture?

Answer 25

Beta

Question 26

What type of decay involves high energy photons, and nuclear fission involves converting an element into another element through the shattering and breaking apart of a large nucleus, potentially leading to a dangerous chain reaction?.

Answer 26

Gamma

Question 27

What is a form of radiation that is made up of waves varying in frequency and wavelength?

Answer 27

Light

Question 28

The higher the frequency, the higher the what?

Answer 28

energy

Question 29

What is a small portion of the energy spectrum, with specific colors representing specific wavelengths

Answer 29

Visible light

Question 30

What three things are mathematically expressed as E = hν = hc/λ?

Answer 30

frequency, wavelength, and energy

Question 31

What is a field of study that examines the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation

Answer 31

Spectroscopy

Question 32

balancing what requires balancing mass and atomic numbers?

Answer 32

nuclear reactions

Question 33

Who proposed that energy is directly proportional to frequency

Answer 33

Planck

Question 34

Who developed a model based on the assumption that energies in an atom were related to angular momentum, which explained the fixed energy levels and the specific wavelengths of light observed in atomic line spectra?

Answer 34

Bohr | model only worked for hydrogen and replaced by new quantum mechanics

Question 35

What principle states that electronic wave functions must be antisymmetric under the interchange of any two electrons?

Answer 35

The Pauli Exclusion Principle | This means two electrons in the same orbital cannot have the same spin

Question 36

What is the energy needed to add an electron to an element in the gas phase, with a trend similar to ionization energy?

Answer 36

Electron affinity

Question 37

What measures an element's tendency to gain electrons and is related to ionization energy and electron affinity

Answer 37

Electronegativity

Question 38

What is the charge an atom would have if electrons were transferred completely?

Answer 38

an Oxidation number

Question 39

What are a combination of oxidation and reduction reactions,

Answer 39

Redox reactions

Question 40

How many elements are in the periodic table?

Answer 40

118

Question 41

What have smaller ionic radii due to electron loss.

Answer 41

Metals

Question 42

Alkali metals, like lithium, sodium, and potassium, can react with halogens, hydrogen gas, and oxygen to produce what?

Answer 42

halides, hydrides, and oxides, | respectively

Question 43

Alkaline earth metals can similarly react with halogens and oxygen to produce ------- and --------, as well as with nitrogen to produce --------. | magnesium and calcium

Answer 43

halides oxides nitrides

Question 44

What decreases across a period and increases down a group?

Answer 44

atomic radius

Question 45

What decreases down a group and increases across a period?

Answer 45

ionization energy

Question 46

What exists between elements, where the first member of a group shares properties with the second member of the adjacent group?

Answer 46

diagonal relationships

Question 47

True/False metals and nonmetals are good oxidizing agents

Answer 47

False metals are good reducing agents and nonmetals are good oxidizing agents

Question 48

True/False Light is radiation but not energy.

Answer 48

False Light is both radiation and energy.

Question 49

In E = hν = hc/λ, what represents the speed of light?

Answer 49

c

Question 50

In E = hν = hc/λ, what represents wavelength

Answer 50

λ

Question 51

In E = hν = hc/λ, what represents frequency

Answer 51

v

Question 52

In E = hν = hc/λ, what represents Planck's constant

Answer 52

h

Question 53

Who created the periodic table?

Answer 53

Mendeleev