MODES OF DECAY Flashcards by Jessa Marie Soberano

RADIOACTIVITY was first discovered by him in 1896

Henry Becquerel

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A phenomenon in which radiation is given off
by the nuclei of the elements

RADIOACTIVITY

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particles or electromagnetic radiation

RADIOACTIVITY

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Process of spontaneous disintegration of
unstable nuclide accompanied by emission
of either particulate or electromagnetic
radiation

RADIOACTIVITY

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the number of atoms disintegrating per unit
time, which is proportional to the number of
radioactive atoms present

DECAY CONSTANT

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Number of atoms that will disintegrate per
unit time

decay constant

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what are the conditions for nuclear instability?

Neutron/proton ratio is increased
Neutron/proton ratio is decreased
Excess number of nucleons

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n with atomic mass of 1 and 0 charge? what’s this?

NEUTRON

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e with atomic mass approximately 0 and with
negative charge of 1

electron

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Identical with the electron but with positive
charge of 1

beta plus or positron

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Identical with the electron but it originate
from the nucleus

BETA MINUS OR NEGATRON

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p with atomic mass of 1 and positive charge
of 1

PROTON

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Identical with the hydrogen element

proton

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With atomic mass of 4 and atomic number of
2

ALPHA PARTICLE

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Identical with the Helium element

alpha particle

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No mass, No Charge, excess energy and
emitted with Beta Emission

neutrino or antineutrino

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what are the RADIOACTIVE DECAY PROCESS/MODES OF
RADIOACTIVE DECAY? 5 kabuok

⚫ Alpha particle decay
⚫ Beta particle decay
⚫ Electron capture
⚫ Internal conversion
⚫ Isomeric transition

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Radioactive nuclides with a very high atomic
numbers greater than 82 or atomic mass of
150 most frequently undergo Alpha emission

alpha particle decay

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Radioactive nuclides with a very high atomic
numbers greater than __ or atomic mass of
___ most frequently undergo ____

80, 150, aplha emission

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Alpha particle emission has an excess
number of_______

protons and neutrons or nucleons

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It emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons

alpha particle decay

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Atomic mass decreased by 4 while the
atomic number decreased by 2

alpha particle decay

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Ra with A (___) Z(____) will transform into Rn
with A (222) Z(86) + ______ + _____ MeV

226, 88, helium, 4.87

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Rn A (__) Z (_____) will transform into Po A (216) Z
(84) + ____ + _____ MeV

220, 86, helium, 6.4

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Alpha particle emitters has an energy range from _ to _ MeV

5 to 10

It is not use in medical imaging because it ranges to approximately 1cm/MeV in air and less than 1 micrometer in tissue

ALPHA PARTICLE DECAY

It is considered as the most hazardous particulate radiation

alpha particle decay

Research studies use __ _______ against various tumors as radiotherapeutic agents

alpha particle

Process of radioactive decay which is accompanied by the ejection of a positive or a negative electron from the nucleus

beta particle decay

Radionuclides with an excessive number of neutrons or high neutron-to-proton ratio

NEGATRON EMISSION

It is described as neutron rich or proton poor radionuclide

negatron emission

__ neutron will be transformed into proton to reach the ____ state

1, stability

in ______the mass number remains constant so described as _______ transition

negatron emission, isobaric

P A (32) Z(15) will transform into S A(32) Z (16) + __ + ___ + ___ MeV

+ negatron + antineutrino + 1.7 MeV

Radionuclides with an deficient number of neutrons or low neutron-to-proton ratio

POSITRON EMISSION

It is described as neutron poor or proton rich radionuclide

POSITRON EMISSION

in ________1 ___ will be transformed into neutron to reach the stability state

POSITRON EMISSION, proton

in ________, The mass number remains constant so also described as _____transition

positron emission, isobaric

Na A(22) Z(11) will transform into Ne A(22) Z(10) + ____+ ________ + ________ MeV

+ positron + neutrino + 1.82 MeV

in positron emission, F A(18) Z(9) will transform into O A(18) Z(8) + ___ + ______ + ________

+ positron + neutrino + E

Alternative process to the Positron Decay

electron capture

Increase of Positive charge of the nucleus

electron capture

Proton + electron will transform into neutron

electron capture

It is also known as K electron capture

electron capture

Ionization occurs thus giving off characteristic radiation

electron capture

The process of emitting excess energy in the form of gamma ray of unstable nuclide and is passed on to one of the orbital electrons which is then ejected from the atom thus rather emitting characteristic radiation

internal conversion

Radioactive nuclide are mostly in the metastable state where the daughter is still unstable and still undergo energy emission.

ISOMERIC TRANSITION

during _______, Metastable nuclide is an _______ of the final product where it has the same atomic number and atomic mass but with different energy level

isomeric transition, isomer

galium-73 decays via beta decay into?

germanium-73m2

The Germanium isotope emits ______ and a conversion __________.

The Germanium isotope emits two weak gamma rays and a conversion electron.

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Fluorine 18

110 min and 0.0063 m

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Technetium 99m

6.02 hr and 0.1151 hr -1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine

123 13.27 hr and 0.0522 hr -1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Samarium 153

1.93 d and 0.3591 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Molybdenum 99

2.75 d and 0.2522 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Indium 111 ?

2.81 d and 0.2466 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Thallium 201 ?

3.04 d and 0.2281 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Gallium 67?

3.26 d and 0.2126 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Xenon 133 ?

5.24 d and 0.1323 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 125?

59.41 d and 0.0117 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Cobalt 57?

271.79 d and 0.0025 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 131?

8.02 d and 0.0864 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Phosphorus 32 ?

14.26 d and 0.0486 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Chromium 51 ??

27.7 d and 0.0250 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Strontium 89 ???

50.53 d and 0.0137 d-1

PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 125??

59.41 d and 0.0117 d-1

It is the result of interaction where the particle or photon deflects from its original path/trajectory.

scattering

Scattering events in which the total kinetic energy of the colliding particles is unchanged is called??

elastic scattering

Scattering events that occurs with a loss of kinetic energy, the interaction is said to be ????

inelastic scattering

The total kinetic energy of the scattered particles is ______ of the particles before the interaction

less than

The process of ionization can be considered an _______ if the binding energy of the electron is negligible compared to the kinetic energy of the incident electron (i.e., the kinetic energy of the ejected electron is equal to the kinetic energy lost by the incident electron).

elastic interaction

Electrons can undergo ________ with atomic nuclei in which the path of the electron is deflected by the positively charged nucleus, with a loss of kinetic energy.

inelastic interactions

The energy of the x-ray is equal to the energy lost by the electron, as required by the __________

conservation of energy

The radiation emission accompanying electron _______ is called bremsstrahlung, a German word meaning ________

deceleration, “braking radiation”

The deceleration of the high-speed electrons in an x-ray tube produces the __________

bremsstrahlung x-rays.

When the ______ of the electron is low, the bremsstrahlung photons are emitted predominantly between the angles of _________ relative to the incident electron trajectory.

kinetic energy, 60 and 90 degrees

At higher electron kinetic energies, the x-rays tend to be emitted in the _______

forward direction

he probability of bremsstrahlung emission per atom is proportional to the square of ________

atomic number of the absorber

Energy emission via bremsstrahlung varies inversely with the square of _________

the mass of the incident particle

The energy of a _________photon can be any value up to and including the entire kinetic energy of the deflected electron.

bremsstrahlung x-ray

Thus, when multiple electrons undergo ___________interactions, the result is a continuous spectrum of x-ray energies

bremsstrahlung

Electron transitions between atomic shells results in the emission of radiation.

characteristic radiation

The energy of this radiation is ______- of each atom, since the electron binding energies depend on atomic number.

characteristic

Emissions from transitions exceeding 100 eV are called characteristic or ________

fluorescent x-ray

_______ x-rays are named according to the orbital in which the vacancy occurred

Characteristic

When positron comes to rest, it interacts with a negatively charged electron, resulting in the annihilation of the electron-positron pair, and the complete conversion of their rest mass to energy in the form of two positively directed _______ MeV annihilation photons

0.511

they do, however, interact with atomic nuclei, sometimes liberating charged particles or nuclear fragments that can directly cause excitation and ionization

neutron interactions

Thus, they do not interact with electrons and therefore do not directly cause excitation and ionization.

neutron interactions

_______ often interact with light atomic nuclei (e.g., H, C, O) via scattering in “billiard ball”- like collisions, producing recoil nuclei that lose their energy via excitation and ionization

neutrons

In tissue, energetic ______ interact primarily with the hydrogen in water, producing recoil protons (hydrogen nuclei)

neutrons

______ may also be captured by atomic nuclei

Neutrons

In some cases the _____ is reemitted; in other cases the neutron is retained, converting the atom to a different nuclide. In the latter case, may be emitted via spontaneous gamma-ray emission

neutrons

MODES OF DECAY Flashcards

(93 cards)