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MODES OF DECAY Flashcards

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1
Q

RADIOACTIVITY was first discovered by him in 1896

A

Henry Becquerel

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2
Q

A phenomenon in which radiation is given off
by the nuclei of the elements

A

RADIOACTIVITY

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3
Q

particles or electromagnetic radiation

A

RADIOACTIVITY

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4
Q

Process of spontaneous disintegration of
unstable nuclide accompanied by emission
of either particulate or electromagnetic
radiation

A

RADIOACTIVITY

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5
Q

the number of atoms disintegrating per unit
time, which is proportional to the number of
radioactive atoms present

A

DECAY CONSTANT

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6
Q

Number of atoms that will disintegrate per
unit time

A

decay constant

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7
Q

what are the conditions for nuclear instability?

A

Neutron/proton ratio is increased
Neutron/proton ratio is decreased
Excess number of nucleons

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8
Q

n with atomic mass of 1 and 0 charge? what’s this?

A

NEUTRON

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9
Q

e with atomic mass approximately 0 and with
negative charge of 1

A

electron

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10
Q

Identical with the electron but with positive
charge of 1

A

beta plus or positron

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11
Q

Identical with the electron but it originate
from the nucleus

A

BETA MINUS OR NEGATRON

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12
Q

p with atomic mass of 1 and positive charge
of 1

A

PROTON

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13
Q

Identical with the hydrogen element

A

proton

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14
Q

With atomic mass of 4 and atomic number of
2

A

ALPHA PARTICLE

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15
Q

Identical with the Helium element

A

alpha particle

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16
Q

No mass, No Charge, excess energy and
emitted with Beta Emission

A

neutrino or antineutrino

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17
Q

what are the RADIOACTIVE DECAY PROCESS/MODES OF
RADIOACTIVE DECAY? 5 kabuok

A

⚫ Alpha particle decay
⚫ Beta particle decay
⚫ Electron capture
⚫ Internal conversion
⚫ Isomeric transition

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18
Q

Radioactive nuclides with a very high atomic
numbers greater than 82 or atomic mass of
150 most frequently undergo Alpha emission

A

alpha particle decay

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19
Q

Radioactive nuclides with a very high atomic
numbers greater than __ or atomic mass of
___ most frequently undergo ____

A

80, 150, aplha emission

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20
Q

Alpha particle emission has an excess
number of_______

A

protons and neutrons or nucleons

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21
Q

It emits 2 protons and 2 neutrons

A

alpha particle decay

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22
Q

Atomic mass decreased by 4 while the
atomic number decreased by 2

A

alpha particle decay

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23
Q

Ra with A (___) Z(____) will transform into Rn
with A (222) Z(86) + ______ + _____ MeV

A

226, 88, helium, 4.87

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24
Q

Rn A (__) Z (_____) will transform into Po A (216) Z
(84) + ____ + _____ MeV

A

220, 86, helium, 6.4

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25
Alpha particle emitters has an energy range from _ to _ MeV
5 to 10
26
It is not use in medical imaging because it ranges to approximately 1cm/MeV in air and less than 1 micrometer in tissue
ALPHA PARTICLE DECAY
27
It is considered as the most hazardous particulate radiation
alpha particle decay
28
Research studies use __ _______ against various tumors as radiotherapeutic agents
alpha particle
29
Process of radioactive decay which is accompanied by the ejection of a positive or a negative electron from the nucleus
beta particle decay
30
Radionuclides with an excessive number of neutrons or high neutron-to-proton ratio
NEGATRON EMISSION
31
It is described as neutron rich or proton poor radionuclide
negatron emission
32
__ neutron will be transformed into proton to reach the ____ state
1, stability
33
in ______the mass number remains constant so described as _______ transition
negatron emission, isobaric
34
P A (32) Z(15) will transform into S A(32) Z (16) + __ + ___ + ___ MeV
+ negatron + antineutrino + 1.7 MeV
35
Radionuclides with an deficient number of neutrons or low neutron-to-proton ratio
POSITRON EMISSION
36
It is described as neutron poor or proton rich radionuclide
POSITRON EMISSION
37
in ________1 ___ will be transformed into neutron to reach the stability state
POSITRON EMISSION, proton
38
in ________, The mass number remains constant so also described as _____transition
positron emission, isobaric
39
Na A(22) Z(11) will transform into Ne A(22) Z(10) + ____+ ________ + ________ MeV
+ positron + neutrino + 1.82 MeV
40
in positron emission, F A(18) Z(9) will transform into O A(18) Z(8) + ___ + ______ + ________
+ positron + neutrino + E
41
Alternative process to the Positron Decay
electron capture
42
Increase of Positive charge of the nucleus
electron capture
43
Proton + electron will transform into neutron
electron capture
44
It is also known as K electron capture
electron capture
45
Ionization occurs thus giving off characteristic radiation
electron capture
46
The process of emitting excess energy in the form of gamma ray of unstable nuclide and is passed on to one of the orbital electrons which is then ejected from the atom thus rather emitting characteristic radiation
internal conversion
47
Radioactive nuclide are mostly in the metastable state where the daughter is still unstable and still undergo energy emission.
ISOMERIC TRANSITION
48
during _______, Metastable nuclide is an _______ of the final product where it has the same atomic number and atomic mass but with different energy level
isomeric transition, isomer
49
galium-73 decays via beta decay into?
germanium-73m2
50
The Germanium isotope emits ______ and a conversion __________.
The Germanium isotope emits two weak gamma rays and a conversion electron.
51
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Fluorine 18
110 min and 0.0063 m
52
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Technetium 99m
6.02 hr and 0.1151 hr -1
53
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine
123 13.27 hr and 0.0522 hr -1
54
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Samarium 153
1.93 d and 0.3591 d-1
55
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Molybdenum 99
2.75 d and 0.2522 d-1
56
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Indium 111 ?
2.81 d and 0.2466 d-1
57
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Thallium 201 ?
3.04 d and 0.2281 d-1
58
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Gallium 67?
3.26 d and 0.2126 d-1
59
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Xenon 133 ?
5.24 d and 0.1323 d-1
60
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 125?
59.41 d and 0.0117 d-1
61
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Cobalt 57?
271.79 d and 0.0025 d-1
62
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 131?
8.02 d and 0.0864 d-1
63
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Phosphorus 32 ?
14.26 d and 0.0486 d-1
64
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT
65
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Chromium 51 ??
27.7 d and 0.0250 d-1
66
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Strontium 89 ???
50.53 d and 0.0137 d-1
67
PHYSICAL HALF-LIFE AND DECAY CONSTANT of Iodine 125??
59.41 d and 0.0117 d-1
68
It is the result of interaction where the particle or photon deflects from its original path/trajectory.
scattering
69
Scattering events in which the total kinetic energy of the colliding particles is unchanged is called??
elastic scattering
70
Scattering events that occurs with a loss of kinetic energy, the interaction is said to be ????
inelastic scattering
71
The total kinetic energy of the scattered particles is ______ of the particles before the interaction
less than
72
The process of ionization can be considered an _______ if the binding energy of the electron is negligible compared to the kinetic energy of the incident electron (i.e., the kinetic energy of the ejected electron is equal to the kinetic energy lost by the incident electron).
elastic interaction
73
Electrons can undergo ________ with atomic nuclei in which the path of the electron is deflected by the positively charged nucleus, with a loss of kinetic energy.
inelastic interactions
74
The energy of the x-ray is equal to the energy lost by the electron, as required by the __________
conservation of energy
75
The radiation emission accompanying electron _______ is called bremsstrahlung, a German word meaning ________
deceleration, “braking radiation”
76
The deceleration of the high-speed electrons in an x-ray tube produces the __________
bremsstrahlung x-rays.
77
When the ______ of the electron is low, the bremsstrahlung photons are emitted predominantly between the angles of _________ relative to the incident electron trajectory.
kinetic energy, 60 and 90 degrees
78
At higher electron kinetic energies, the x-rays tend to be emitted in the _______
forward direction
79
he probability of bremsstrahlung emission per atom is proportional to the square of ________
atomic number of the absorber
80
Energy emission via bremsstrahlung varies inversely with the square of _________
the mass of the incident particle
81
The energy of a _________photon can be any value up to and including the entire kinetic energy of the deflected electron.
bremsstrahlung x-ray
82
Thus, when multiple electrons undergo ___________interactions, the result is a continuous spectrum of x-ray energies
bremsstrahlung
83
Electron transitions between atomic shells results in the emission of radiation.
characteristic radiation
84
The energy of this radiation is ______- of each atom, since the electron binding energies depend on atomic number.
characteristic
85
Emissions from transitions exceeding 100 eV are called characteristic or ________
fluorescent x-ray
86
_______ x-rays are named according to the orbital in which the vacancy occurred
Characteristic
87
When positron comes to rest, it interacts with a negatively charged electron, resulting in the annihilation of the electron-positron pair, and the complete conversion of their rest mass to energy in the form of two positively directed _______ MeV annihilation photons
0.511
88
they do, however, interact with atomic nuclei, sometimes liberating charged particles or nuclear fragments that can directly cause excitation and ionization
neutron interactions
89
Thus, they do not interact with electrons and therefore do not directly cause excitation and ionization.
neutron interactions
90
_______ often interact with light atomic nuclei (e.g., H, C, O) via scattering in “billiard ball”- like collisions, producing recoil nuclei that lose their energy via excitation and ionization
neutrons
91
In tissue, energetic ______ interact primarily with the hydrogen in water, producing recoil protons (hydrogen nuclei)
neutrons
92
______ may also be captured by atomic nuclei
Neutrons
93
In some cases the _____ is reemitted; in other cases the neutron is retained, converting the atom to a different nuclide. In the latter case, may be emitted via spontaneous gamma-ray emission
neutrons

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