modes of nutrition

Question 1

what are the 2 main types of nutrition

Answer 1

autotrophic
heterotrophic

Question 2

what are autotrophic organisms

Answer 2

make their own food from simple inorganic raw materials

Question 3

what are the 2 subcategories of autotrophic organisms

Answer 3

photoautotrophic
chemoautotrophic

Question 4

what are photoautotrophic organisms

Answer 4

use light as the energy source and perform photosynthesis

Question 5

what are chemoautotrophic organisms

Answer 5

use energy from chemical reactions

preform chemosynthesis

Question 6

what are heterotrophic organisms

Answer 6

cannot make their own food so consume complex organic molecules

Question 7

3 types of heterotrophic

Answer 7

saprotrophic
parasitic
holozoic

Question 8

saprotroph meaning

Answer 8

organism that derives eneergy and raw materials for growth from the extracellular digestion of dead / decaying material

Question 9

parasitic organism meaning

Answer 9

obtain nutrition from another living ogranism which suffers harm and often death

Question 10

2 types of parasitic organisms

Answer 10

endoparasites
ecotoparasites

Question 11

what are endoparasites

Answer 11

live in the body of the host

Question 12

what are
ecotoparasites

Answer 12

live on the surface

Question 13

holozoic meaning

Answer 13

ingest food, digest it and egest the idigestible remains

Question 14

4 types of holozoic

Answer 14

herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
detritvores

Question 15

what are humans

Answer 15

holozoic - omnivores

Question 16

what are herbivores

Answer 16

only plant material

Question 17

what are carnivores

Answer 17

animals only

Question 18

what are omnivores

Answer 18

plant and animal material both

Question 19

what are detritivores

Answer 19

feed on dead and decaying material

Question 20

be mae amoeba hefo syn neud on da

Answer 20

• large surface area to volume ratio

Question 21

what is the way that organisms get in solution

Answer 21

pinocytosis

Question 22

how do amoeba ingest

Answer 22

via endocytosis

Question 23

digestion in amoebas

Answer 23

1 - bacteria engulfed by plasma membrane
2 - bacteria are enclosed within a vacuole
3 - lysosomes migrate and fuse with the vacuole membrane, relasing enzymes into the vacuole
4 - intracellular digestion takes place
5 - undigested matetrial is carried by the vacuole to the cell membrane and released by exocytosis

Question 24

what type of organism is the hydra

Answer 24

diploblastic

Question 25

what are diploblastic organisms

Answer 25

2 layers of cells with jelly layer containing a network of nerve fibres

Question 26

what does the hydra tentacles surround

Answer 26

its mouth

Question 27

where does hydra live

Answer 27

fresh water

Question 28

what do the tentacles do in the hydra

Answer 28

move the prey through the mouth into the hollow body cavity

Question 29

what enzymes do the hydra have

Answer 29

protease lipase

Question 30

what are the 2 parts of the hydra

Answer 30

hydra photosynthesising protoctista

Question 31

what is hydra and protoctista show

Answer 31

mutualism / symbiosis

Question 32

where does digestion occur in hydra

Answer 32

hollow body cavity

Question 33

why must food be digested (2)

Answer 33

insouble and too big to corss membranes polymers so need to be taken back to monomers

Question 34

4 functions of the gut

Answer 34

ingestion digestion absorption egestion

Question 35

peristalsis defenition

Answer 35

wave coordinated contraction and relaxation of gut muscles

Question 36

digestion baisic defenition

Answer 36

breakdown of lsgre insoluble molecules into smaller molecules

Question 37

egestion baisic defenition

Answer 37

elimation of ingestiable waste

Question 38

ingestion baisic defenition

Answer 38

intake of food into the mouth

Question 39

what digests sucrose

Answer 39

sucrase

Question 40

what are 2 types of peptidases

Answer 40

endo exo

Question 41

what are endopeptidases

Answer 41

hydroylsise ones in middle peptide bonds

Question 42

what are exopeptidases

Answer 42

hydroylsise ones in end peptide bonds

Question 43

where does mechanical digestion start

Answer 43

at the mouth increases foods surface area

Question 44

what enzyme is in the mouth

Answer 44

amlyase

Question 45

what does amlyase digest

Answer 45

startch into maltose

Question 46

what pH is in the mouth

Answer 46

slightly alkaline

Question 47

what lubricates foods passage down the oesophagus

Answer 47

mucus

Question 48

what are the layers in the oesophagus

Answer 48

mucosa submucosa circular muscle longitudial muscle serosa

Question 49

where is gastric juice secreted

Answer 49

gastric pits

Question 50

what is in the stomach which is inactive

Answer 50

pepsinogen

Question 51

what does goblet cells secrete

Answer 51

mucus

Question 52

what type of cells secrete mucus

Answer 52

goblet

Question 53

what do chief cells secrete

Answer 53

enzymes

Question 54

what type of cell secreates enzymes

Answer 54

chief

Question 55

what type of cell secreates hydrochloric acid

Answer 55

oxyntic cells

Question 56

what do oxyntic cells secrete

Answer 56

hydrochloric acid

Question 57

whats the 2 bits of the small intenstine

Answer 57

duodenm ileum

Question 58

what is the name of the sphincter at the base of stomach

Answer 58

pyloric sphincter

Question 59

where is bile made

Answer 59

liver

Question 60

where is bile storred

Answer 60

gallbladder

Question 61

what does bile do

Answer 61

emulsify liipids

Question 62

ph of bile

Answer 62

alkaline

Question 63

what do islet cells secrete

Answer 63

pancreatic juice

Question 64

where is pancreatic juice secreted

Answer 64

islet cells

Question 65

what are the 2 groups that are in pancreatic juice

Answer 65

enzymes sodium hydrogen carbonate

Question 66

job of sodium hydrogen carbonate in pancreatic juice

Answer 66

neutralise acid

Question 67

job of enterokinase in pancreatic juice

Answer 67

converts trypsinogen to trypsin

Question 68

job of trypsinogen in pancreatic juice

Answer 68

inactive enzyme converted into the protease trypsin by enterokinase

Question 69

job of endopeptidases in pancreatic juice

Answer 69

hydrolyse prtein to peptide

Question 70

what enzymes are in pancreatic juice

Answer 70

endopeptidase trypsinogen enterokinase amylase lipase

Question 71

where is amylase produced

Answer 71

salivary gland (mouth)

Question 72

pH of mouth

Answer 72

6.5-7.5

Question 73

ph of stomache

Answer 73

2

Question 74

ph of duodenum

Answer 74

7

Question 75

ph of ileum

Answer 75

8.5

Question 76

wherte is gastric juice secreted

Answer 76

stomach gastric gland

Question 77

what is in the gastric juice

Answer 77

pepsin

Question 78

what is pepsin hydrolyzed down to

Answer 78

protein amino acid

Question 79

what is in the duodenum

Answer 79

pancreatic juice

Question 80

where does pancreatic juice come from

Answer 80

pancrease

Question 81

where is pepsin found

Answer 81

stomach

Question 82

whats in duodenum

Answer 82

amylase trypsin lipase

Question 83

what is trypsin broken down to

Answer 83

protein polypeptide

Question 84

what is lipase broken down to

Answer 84

nucleic acids nucleotides

Question 85

whats in ileum

Answer 85

intestinal juice

Question 86

where does intestional juice come from

Answer 86

ileum mucosa

Question 87

whats in the ileum

Answer 87

maltose sucrose lactose peptidase lipase

Question 88

how would stomach ulcer occur

Answer 88

- less mucus produced - lining destroyed - more acid produced acid in food damages lining