Modulated Soft Tissue Techniques Flashcards

Question

Rate and Rhythm of the Stroke

Answer 1

General rule: strokes should be slow, gentle and rhythmic Slow strokes are relaxing, 6-7 inches per second in the larger areas Faster strokes increase tension Percussion strokes are required to be rapid

Answer 2

Therapeutic massage: 15-20 min Lymphatic massage: 15 min or longer Full-body massage: 45 min or longer Cross friction massage: 10 – 12 min or longer

Answer 3

-Stroking -Petrissage (Kneading, Pick-up, Wringing, Skin Rolling) -Tapotement (Hacking, clapping, beating, pounding) - Vibration and Shaking - Deep Friction

Answer 4

-movement performed with the entire palmar surface of one or both hands moving in any direction on the surface of the body

Answer 5

Begin and/or finish a massage sequence Applying medium Helps patient relax and become accustomed to therapist’s hands ``` Slow = promotes relaxation Fast = stimulating ``` Provides information to the therapist about the patient’s tissues Help relieve muscle spasm and indirectly pain Also used for joining sequences of other strokes

Answer 6

Movement can be in any direction One direction at a time Move along a line parallel to the long axis of the body or across the long axis Can be diagonal Continuous movement Rhythmic movement One or both hands

Answer 7

Produced through direct mechanical input Significant relaxation when performed slowly (Sedative effect) Stimulating effect on sensory nerve endings when performed quickly (Invigorating effect) Dilation of arterioles in the deeper tissues when applies slow/deep

Answer 8

Help relieve or reduce the effects of: ``` Pain (acute or chronic) Muscle Spasm (acute or chronic) Superficial scar tissue (skin) Flatulence, constipation or abdominal discomfort Move with the direction of the bowel Right, up, over, down on left Insomnia ```

Answer 9

Large open areas (burns, wounds) - Always Gross edema (danger of splitting the skin with the strokes) - Always Cancer, infections, lacerations - Always Marked varicosities if damage to vein wall might occur - Usually Precautions - Rare Extremely hairy regions of the body Hyperesthisia (sensitive / ticklish)

Answer 10

Slow, stroking movement performed with increasing pressure in the direction of flow in the veins and lymph vessels Centripetal movements Has a definite pause

Answer 11

Move contents of superficial veins and lymph vessels Facilitating circulation Used between manipulations to mobilize tissue fluids Finish off a massage sequence

Answer 12

Direction of venous and lymphatic flow atarting with fingertip then palmar surface of hand Stroke is directed toward the lymph glands Distal to proximal Hands return to starting position for next stroke Ex) Arm and Back = go towards axilla Knee = go towards posterior

Answer 13

Rate: - Slow - 6-7 inches per second - Even rhythm Depth - Pressure gradually increases - Blood and lymph pushed through veins and lymph channels - Pause at end of each stroke, allows valves in vessels to close

Answer 14

Blood flow moved toward heart Lymph flow moved toward glands to accelerate healing Congestion in capillaries is relieved which stimulates circulation and facilitates healing Increase mobility of skin and superficial tissues Dilation of superficial arterioles – axon reflex Relief of pain by stimulation of large-diameter mechanoreceptors

Answer 15

Accustom patient and therapist to the intervention Follow up the deeper strokes (friction, kneading) and enhance absorption of waste products Sub acute and chronic stages of inflammation to promote absorption of inflammation byproducts Relieve pain and promote relaxation

Answer 16

``` Chronic edema (Especially in extremities) Chronic pain Chronic muscle spasm Superficial scar tissue ```

Answer 17

Same for stroking Add: Chronic swelling in the lower limb associated with congestive heart failure – Usually Other heart conditions in which lower limb edema occurs - Usually

Answer 18

Pressure or kneading massage Firm pressure applied to tissues Mobilize deep muscle tissue or skin and subcutaneous tissues ``` Four types of strokes Kneading Picking up Wringing Skin rolling ```

Answer 19

Alternately compress and release muscles and tissue Circular motion Purpose: - Mechanical action to affect deep tissue - Mobilize muscle fibers to lengthen and glide over other muscles - Promote normal function

Answer 20

Direction of movement is circular, constant pressure (light to heavy) Movement of hands occurs during relaxation phase Can use several parts of one or both hands, fingers, or thumb 2 phases: -Pressure phase the hand and the skin move together on the deeper structures -Release phase they glide smoothly to an adjacent area Then repeat!

Answer 21

Rate: - Slow - 3-4 seconds to complete a movement - Lower rate if finger/thumb pads - Duration: 20 – 60 seconds Depth: - Significant pressure on tissues - Varies based on structures you are working on - Not harmful pressure

Answer 22

Compression kneading: palmar kneading, classic stroke, entire palmar surface of the hand A: pressure applied during ½ the circle and relaxation the other half B: progression of hand movement along the trunk C: progression of hand movement along the leg, either side of limb

Answer 23

``` Squeeze kneading Finger pad kneading Thumb pad kneading Reinforced kneading Knuckle kneading ``` Pressure: light to moderate Direction: circular or elliptical Rate: 0.5 – 2 seconds per cycle Duration: 0 – 20 seconds duration

Answer 24

- Tissues pressed upward and lifted away from the underlying tissues, squeezed, then allowed to relax - Lumbrical grip - Usually performed on larger muscles - Thumb and finger pads for smaller muscles

Answer 25

- aka Digital Kneading - Basic palmar kneading but performed with one or more finger pads. - Can work in phase or out of phase down each side - Best for small to medium areas of irregular shape

Answer 26

-Same as with finger pads -Useful for fusiform muscles (Wrist flexors or extensors Anterior tibial muscles) -Useful for small areas Hand Foot Face

Answer 27

- Two-handed technique - One hand reinforces the other - Basic palmar kneading technique with one hand on top of the other - Useful for lumbar region or larger patients - Typically palm but can be performed with thumbs or finger pads

Answer 28

-Useful for small areas where greater depth of pressure is required Sole of the foot - Uses the dorsal surface of middle or proximal phalanges - Closed fist - Same circular motions - Clockwise is easier

Answer 29

- Grasping and squeezes muscles while simultaneously lifting them away from the underlying tissues then releasing them - Performed in a circular motion - Same direction as the fibers (long axis) - Purpose: Mobilizing individual or groups of muscles through a mechanical action on the fibers. - Also facilitates normal joint and limb function

Answer 30

- Single hand or double hand - Tissue is picked up with whole hand with the thumb abducted - Lumbrical grip - Squeezed during first half, released during second half. - Upward and inward in circular motion

Answer 31

Rate: - Slow, 1-3 seconds per cycle - Duration: 20 – 60 seconds - Continuous and rhythmic - Whole muscle belly treated Depth: - Deep and hard pressure required to pick up tissue - Not as deep as compression kneading

Answer 32

- Variation of Picking-up | - Muscle tissue is bent in to a “C”

Answer 33

Tissues are lifted with both hands then compressed alternately between the fingers and thumb of opposite hands Purpose: mobilizing individual muscles or groups of muscles Increase muscle mobility due to “twisting” motion imparted on tissues resulting in significant mechanical action on the fibers Facilitate normal joint and limb function

Answer 34

``` Hands along the middle of the muscle with thumbs abducted Tissues grasped with both hands Lifted Wrung out Then relaxed ``` Movement is up and down the long axis of the muscle

Answer 35

Rate: - Slow, 1-3 seconds per cycle of compression/release - Duration: 20 – 60 seconds or more - 4-6 inches per second - Even rhythm Depth: - Deep stroke - Sufficient pressure to lift muscle and compress it - Do not pinch the tissue

Answer 36

Skin and subcutaneous tissue are rolled over deeper structures Purpose: - Mobilize skin and subcutaneous tissues - Improve circulation in area - Evaluate areas of discomfort (Osteopathic)

Answer 37

Hands side by side Extended fingers draw skin towards the thumb lifting a fold of skin between fingers and thumbs “Crawl” fingers along while thumbs trail lifting skin a long the way Do not use a medium!

Answer 38

Rate: - Slow - 4-6in per second - do not pinch the tissues Depth: - Skin and subcutaneous tissues - Cannot be done on all body parts

Answer 39

- Relieves congestion in small capillary beds - Stimulates flow of lymphatic tissue - Vasodilation in the skin

Answer 40

- Increases blood supply - Decreases metabolic waste products - Relaxes muscle and decreases pain - Can improve scar tissue mobility - Promotes normal joint and limb function

Answer 41

- Increase blood supply - Decrease inflammation - Promotes elasticity May see a reactive hyperemia with this stroke

Answer 42

``` Facilitate deep and superficial circulation Mobilize muscle contractures Mobilize scar tissue Help resolve chronic edema Relieve muscle pain and fatigue Promote relaxation ```

Answer 43

-Acute trauma – Always (Use Effleurage) - Muscles that are known to be torn - Always - Skin diseases such as acute dermatitis, psoriasis or other infectious skin diseases - Usually - Damage to blood vessels - Hyper or hypotonic limbs - Usually - Cancer in or near area being treated - Always - Bacterial infections in or near area being treated - Always

Answer 44

1) Ask about allergies first! 2) Stroking - Superficial to deep 3) Efflurage - Supericial to deep 4) Petrisage (Kneading, picking up, wringing, skin rolling) 5) Efflurage 6) Stroking 7) Tap!