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HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > MODULE 01 > Flashcards

MODULE 01 Flashcards

1
Q

The Study of the structure and relationship between body parts.

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

The study of the function of body parts and the body as a whole.

A

PHYSIOLOGY

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3
Q

The functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury.

A

PATHO-PHYSIOLOGY

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4
Q

LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION OF HUMAN BODY

(small to largest)

A

ATOM
MOLECULE
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGANISM

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5
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances to the cells and transports wastes, carbon dioxide, and other substances away from the cells; it can also help stabilize body temperature and pH

A

CARDIOVASCULAR

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6
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Defends against infection and disease and transfers lymph between tissues and the blood stream

A

LYMPHATIC

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7
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Processes foods and absorbs nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and water

A

DIGESTIVE

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8
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Provides communication within the body via hormones and directs long-term change in other organ systems to maintain homeostasis.

A

ENDOCRINE

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9
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Provides protection from injury and fluid loss and provides physical defense against infection by microorganisms; involved in temperature control.

A

INTEGUMENTARY

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10
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Provides movement, support, and heat production

A

MUSCULAR

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11
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Collects, transfers, and processes information and directs short-term change in other organ systems.

A

NERVOUS

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12
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Produces gametes—sex cells—and sex hormones; ultimately produces offspring.

A

REPRODUCTIVE

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13
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur.

A

RESPIRATORY

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14
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Supports and protects soft tissues of the body; provides movement at joints; produces blood cells; and stores minerals.

A

SKELETAL

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15
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Removes excess water, salts, and products from the blood and body and controls pH.

A

URINARY

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16
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
FUNCTION
- Defends against microbial pathogens—disease-causing agents—and other diseases.

A

IMMUNE

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17
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Heart, Blood, and Blood vessels
A

CARDIOVASCULAR

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18
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Lymph, Lymph nodes, and Lymph vessels
A

LYMPHATIC

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19
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Mouth, Salivary glands, Esophagus, Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Exocrine pancreas, Small intestine, and Large intestine
A

DIGESTIVE

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20
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroids, Endocrine pancreas, Adrenals, Testes, and Ovaries
A

ENDOCRINE

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21
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Skin, Hair, and Nails
A

INTEGUMENTARY

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22
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth muscles
A

MASCULAR

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23
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Brain, Spinal corn, Nerves, and Sensory organs (eyes, ears, tongue, skin, and nose)
A

NERVOUS

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24
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Fallopian tube, Uterus, Vagina, Ovaries, Mammary glands (female), Testes, Vascular deferens, Seminal vesicles, Prostate, and Penis (male)
A

REPRODUCTIVE

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25
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Mouth, Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, and Diahragm
A

RESPIRATORY

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26
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Bones, Cartilage, Joints, Tendons, and Ligaments
A

SKELETAL

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27
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Kidneys, Uterus, Urinary bladder, and Urethra
A

URINARY

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28
Q

MAJOR ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE HUMAN BODY:
ORGANS, TISSUES, AND STRUCTURES INVOLVED

  • Leukocytes, Tonsils, Adenoids, Thymus, and Spleen
A

IMMUNE

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29
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

A

EMBRYOLOGY
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
HISTOLOGY
SURFACE ANATOMY
GROSS ANATOMY
SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY
REGIONAL ANATOMY
RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
ENDOCRINOLOGY
CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY
IMMUNOLOGY
RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

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30
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Structures that emerge from the time of the fertilized egg through the eight week in utero.
A

EMBRYOLOGY

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31
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Structures that emerge from the time of the fertilized egg to the adult form.
A

DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY

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32
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Microscopic structure of tissues.
A

HISTOLOGY

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33
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Anatomical landmarks on the surface of the body through visualization and palpitation.
A

SURFACE ANATOMY

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34
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Structures that can be examined without using a microscope.
A

GROSS ANATOMY

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35
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Structure of specific systems of the body such as the nervous or respiratory systems.
A

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

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36
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Specific regions of the body such as the head or chest.
A

REGIONAL ANATOMY

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37
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Body structures that can be visualized with x-rays.
A

RADIOGRAPHIC ANATOMY

38
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Structural changes (from gross to microscopic) associated with disease.
A

PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY

39
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Functional properties of nerve cells.
A

NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

40
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Hormones (chemical regulators in the blood) and how they control body functions.
A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

41
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Functions of the heart and blood vessels.
A

CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY

42
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • How the body defends itself against disease-causing agents.
A

IMMUNOLOGY

43
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Functions of the air passageways and lungs.
A

RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY

44
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Functions of the kidneys.
A

RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

45
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Changes in cell and organ functions as a result of muscular activity.
A

EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

46
Q

SELECTED BRANCHES OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

  • Functional changes associated with disease and aging.
A

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

47
Q

Growth and development
Respond to the environment
Cellular structure & composition
Metabolism energy from chemical reactions
Homeostasis stable inner conditions
Heredity of traits
Reproduce offspring

A

CHARACTERISTIC OF LIFE

48
Q

A characteristic of all living systems is ______________, or the maintenance of stable, internal conditions within specific limits.

A

HOMEOSTASIS

49
Q

STIMULUS — Sensor — Control — Effector

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

50
Q

Type of regulation in biological systems in which the end product of a process in turn reduces the stimulus of that same process.

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

51
Q

A feedback mechanism resulting in the amplification or growth of the output signal.

A

POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM

52
Q

TYPES OF BUILD

A

ECTOMORPH
MESOMORPH
ENDOMORPH

53
Q

TYPES OF BUILD

  • A form of opposite of the Endomorph. Physically, they tend to have: Narrow shoulders and hips, A thin and narrow face with a high forehead, A thin and narrow chest and abdomen, Very little body fat, and Thin legs and arms.
A

ECTOMORPH

54
Q

TYPES OF BUILD

  • Somewhere between the round endomorph and the thin ectomorph. Physically they have the more ‘desirable’ body and have: Large head, Broad shoulders, and Narrow waist (wedge-shaped); Muscular body, with strong forearms and thighs; Very little body fat, Genetically gifted; greatest body building potential; Long torso, full chest, good shoulder to waist ratio.
A

MESOMORPH

55
Q

TYPES OF BUILD

  • Physically quite round, and is typified as the ‘barrel of fun’ person. They tend to have: Wide hips and narrow shoulders, which makes them rather pear-shaped; Quite a lot of fat spread across the body, including upper arms and thighs; They have quite slim ankles and wrists, which only serves to accentuate the fatty other parts; Wide bone structure; Slower metabolism; Weight gain is easy, though fat loss is difficult; Tends to store fat, which hides muscle gains.
A

ENDOMORPH

56
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • It refer to organism capable of causing disease in its host.
A

PATHOGENIC ORGANISMS

57
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • The result of a continuous process based in degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. Sometime the main or partial cause behind such disease is genetic.
A

DEGENERATIVE

58
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • A new, often uncontrolled growth of abnormal tissue; tumor.
A

NEOPLASM

59
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • A disorder can happen when abnormal chemical reactions in the. body alter the normal metabolic process. It can also be defined as inherited single gene anomaly, most of which are autosomal recessive.
A

METABOLIC DISEASE

60
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • It is caused by ingestion of a poison.

Ex. Inhalation of carbon monoxide from automobile exhaust in an enclosed garage may cause tissue hypoxia.

A

TOXIC DISEASE

61
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • It originate in the mind, having an emotional or psychologic origin in relation to a symptoms.
A

PSYCHOGENIC DISEASE

62
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • It is caused by physical injury.
A

TRAUMATIC DISEASE

63
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • It result when an individual’s diet is inadequate in terms of the amount or type of proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals or water.
A

NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY

64
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • Result from the activity or treatments of physicians or other health-care providers.
A

IATROGENIC DISEASE

65
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • Refer to disorders whose causes are yet unknown.
A

IDIOPATHIC DISEASE

66
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • Present at birth
A

CONGENITAL DISEASE

67
Q

BASIC MECHANISM OF DISEASE

  • Results from excessive or inadequate levels of hormones production.
A

ENDOCRINE DISEASE

68
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATION

  • Examination with the hands, feeling for organs, masses or infiltration of a part of the body, feeling the heart or pulse beat or vibrations in the chest.
A

PALPATIONS

69
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATION

  • Listening ti the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope.
A

AUSCULTATIONS

70
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATION

  • The act or technique of tapping the surface of a body part to learn the condition of the parts beneath by the resulting sound.
A

PERCUSSION

71
Q

CLINICAL APPLICATION

  • Incorporates an assessment pf the function and interplay of both sensory and motor pathways. It is simple yet informative and can give important insights into the integrity of the nervous system at many different levels.
A

REFLEX TESTING

72
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Study of the essential nature of diseases and especially of the structural and functional changes produced by them.
A

PATHOLOGY

73
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Medical specialty that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of bodily fluids such as blood and urine, as well as tissues, using the tools of chemistry, clinical microbiology, hematology and molecular pathology.
A

ANATOMIC PATHOLOGY

74
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Cause of a disease or the science that deals with such causes.
A

ETIOLOGY

75
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Abnormal condition of an organism which interrupts the normal bodily functions that often leads to feeling of pain and weakness, and usually associated with symptoms and signs.
A

DISEASE

76
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • The sequence of events that leads from cause, to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestation of disease.
A

PATHOGENESIS

77
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Any objective evidence of disease.
A

SIGN

78
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • A subjective evidence of disease
A

SYMPTOMS

79
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • An aftereffect of a disease, condition, or injury.
A

SEQUELA

80
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • It connotes an illness that is of shirt duration, rapidly progressive, and in need of urgent care.
A

ACUTE DISEASE

81
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • It is one that lasts 3 months or more.
A

CHRONIC DISEASE

82
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population.
A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

83
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Native to or limited to a certain region.
A

ENDEMIC

84
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • The occurrence if more cases of a disease than would being a community or region during a given time period. (ex. a sudden severe outbreak of a disease such as SARS)
A

EPIDEMIC

85
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • A disease which occurs in single and scattered cases.
A

SPORADIC

86
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • An outbreak of a disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects an exceptionally high proportion of the population.
A

PANDEMIC

87
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • The gradual recovery of health and strength after illness or injury.
A

CONVALESCENCE

88
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • A prediction of the course of a disease following its onset. It refers to the possible outcomes of a disease and the frequency with which they can be expected to occur.
A

PROGNOSIS

89
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • Refers to having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population. It also refers to medical problems caused by a treatment.
A

MORBIDITY

90
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • The number of deaths on a given area, or from a particular cause.
A

MORTALITY

91
Q

SELECTED DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES

  • A postmortem examination to discover the cause of death or the extent of disease.
A

AUTOPSY

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (2 decks)

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