Module 05: The Western and Eastern Thoughts of the Self

Question 1

This dichotomy represents Asia

Answer 1

Eastern

Question 2

This dichotomy represents Europe and North America.

Answer 2

Western

Question 3

This belief states that the “self” is as autonomous relative to others and the environment, stressing separateness from the social world (independent).

Answer 3

Western Belief

Question 4

What concept did the western belief used to perceive the self?

Answer 4

individualism

Question 5

According to this belief, the self is part of a larger network of people who all help shape each other.

Answer 5

Eastern Belief

Question 6

What concept did the eastern belief used to perceive the self?

Answer 6

we belief

Question 7

This is a major religion common in the south Asian countries like India
and Sri Lanka.

Answer 7

Hinduism

Question 8

In Hinduism, this is considered as the sacred, the god spirit or the universe.

Answer 8

Brahman

Question 9

This is the human soul or the self

Answer 9

Atman

Question 10

How did Hinduism viewed the self?

Answer 10

The “self” in Hinduism is just a part of a larger whole (the Brahman), which
embodies everything. The Atman of the self is tied to everything.

Question 11

This Hindu belief states that each time a person dies and is reborn, it comes
closer to Brahman.

Answer 11

Reincarnation

Question 12

While we have the tendency to think about our “self” today or tomorrow, the
Hindus think in terms of _____________________.

Answer 12

centuries and lifetimes

Question 13

This is a common Eastern religion and philosophy where the self is often thought of as an illusion and perceived that humans are just a stream of
consciousness and not a separate entity

Answer 13

Buddhism

Question 14

What are the two concepts in Buddhism?

Answer 14

Interconnectedness and the lack of self

Question 15

This simply means that everything is connected

Answer 15

Interconnectedness

Question 16

This is a place of perfect peace and happiness akin to HEAVEN due it to being the highest form of peace.

Answer 16

Nirvana

Question 17

This does not teach the worship of any particular deity (Yao,1996). Instead, it is focused more on human behavior, causing many scholars to consider it more of an ethical system or a code of conduct rather than a religion

Answer 17

Confucianism

Question 18

According to Confucianism, this human being is seen as a social being, whose personality is not inherently existing, but is being formed through __________,

Answer 18

upbringing and environment

Question 19

This is the supreme goal-any person is a “gentleman” if his or her conduct is noble and unselfish.

Answer 19

Self-cultivation

Question 20

He is a man of virtue or noble character

Answer 20

CHUN-TZU

Question 21

It is an ancient Chinese philosophy that stresses the importance of living simply and honestly and in harmony with nature. (Ho, 1995)

Answer 21

Taoism

Question 22

Based on Taoism, due to its focus on harmony and proper way to live, it is often referred to as the __________.

Answer 22

Way

Question 23

Three of most important tenets of Taoism are:

Answer 23

1. The First Principle
2. The Yin-Yang classification
3. The Wu Wei concept

Question 24

What culture did the western value?

Answer 24

Individualistic culture

Question 25

What culture did the eastern value?

Answer 25

Collectivistic culture

Question 26

What did the western value?

Answer 26

competition and is straightforward

Question 27

What did the eastern value?

Answer 27

cooperation

Question 28

What did the western emphasize?

Answer 28

Emphasizes equality even if the individual is seen to rise above everything else.

Question 29

What did the eastern emphasize?

Answer 29

Emphasizes on hierarchy as the culture wants to keep things in harmony and in order

Question 30

These refer to the value cultures place on direct and indirect communication.

Answer 30

High and low context cultures

Question 31

This values direct communication and believes people should “say what they mean and mean what they say”.

Answer 31

Low Context Orientation

Question 32

What countries are low context cultures?

Answer 32

America and Australia

Question 33

This pays attention to what isn’t said as much as what is said and a great deal of attention is put on where people are seated, how people are dressed, and reading between the lines.

Answer 33

high Context Orientation

Question 34

What countries are high context cultures?

Answer 34

Asian, African, central European and Latin American