Module 09 - Tissue Differences energy metoablism and enzymes.

Question 1

_____ allows study of muscle fibres and the effects of acute exercise and exercise training on fibre composition

Answer 1

muscle biopsy

Question 2

Dark fibres in microscopic slide are the ____ ___ fibres

Answer 2

slow twitch fibres (red)

Question 3

Medium coloured fibres under microscope are ____ ____ fibres

Answer 3

Intermediate fibres

Question 4

Lightest coloured fibres under microscope are ____ __ fibres

Answer 4

fast twitch fibres

Question 5

Fibre hypertrophy

Answer 5

Individual fibres increase in their diameter

Question 6

Is myosin structural and functional?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

What are the two major subtypes of Myosin?

Answer 7

Heavy myosin & light myosin

Question 8

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity

Answer 8

Low

Question 9

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (Slow/fast) relative ATPase Max contraction velocity ?

Answer 9

Slow

Question 10

Slow Twitch (Type I) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/force developed?

Answer 10

High

Question 11

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity ?

Answer 11

High

Question 12

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (Slow/fast) relative Max contraction velocity ?

Answer 12

Fast

Question 13

Fast Twitch (Type IIA) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/Force developed?

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (low/high) relative ATPase activity ?

Answer 14

High

Question 15

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (slow/fast) relative Max contraction velocity?

Answer 15

Fast

Question 16

Fast Twitch (Type IIB) fibres have (low/high) ATP used/force developed ?

Answer 16

Low

Question 17

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have what dominating energy pathway?

Answer 17

Oxidative

Question 18

Fast Twitch Fibres (type II) have what dominating energy pathway?

Answer 18

Oxidative glycolytic

Question 19

Fast Twitch Fatigue-able (Type IIB) have what dominating energy pathway ?

Answer 19

• ATP/CP

- Anaerobic Glycolysis (glycolytic)

Question 20

What fibres are active in both low and high intensity exercise?

Answer 20

Slow twitch fibres (endurance fibres - always working)

Question 21

What fibres are only active in intense activity?

Answer 21

Fast Twitch fibres

Question 22

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

Answer 22

High

Question 23

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ___ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

Answer 23

Low

Question 24

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ____ contractile speed and Myosin ATPase

Answer 24

Slow (110 ms to reach peak tension)

Question 25

Slow Twitch Fibres (type I) have ______ fibres per motor neuron

Answer 25

10-180

Question 26

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have _____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

Answer 26

moderate

Question 27

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have ___ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

Answer 27

High

Question 28

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have ____ contractile speed and myosin ATPase

Answer 28

Fast

Question 29

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIA) have _____ fibres per motor neuron

Answer 29

300-800

Question 30

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB) have _____ aerobic (oxidative) capacity and fatigue resistance

Answer 30

Low

Question 31

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB) | have ____ anaerobic (glycolytic) capacity and motor unit strength

Answer 31

High

Question 32

Fast Twitch Fibres (Type IIB) have ____ contractile speed and myosin ATPase

Answer 32

fast

Question 33

Determinants of fibre types (3)

Answer 33

1. Genetics 2. exercise training & inactivity 3. Ageing

Question 34

Creatine Kinase is of what energy system?

Answer 34

Phosphate energy system

Question 35

microcompartimentisation of CK isozymes allows 2 factors

Answer 35

1. Allows high [ATP/ADP] ratios where ATPases are found (muscle myosin) 2. Allows low [ATP}/[ADP] in mitochondrial matrix to stimulate oxidative phosphorylation

Question 36

What are the two types of creatine kinase subunits possibly in the cytosol

Answer 36

1. B (brain) 2. M (muscle) (mixing can make 3-> CK-MM, CK-BB, CK-MB)

Question 37

What is the main form of isozyme in the brain and smooth muscle?

Answer 37

CK-BB

Question 38

Skeletal muscle is 99% _____ isozyme

Answer 38

CK-MM

Question 39

Myocardium is 70% ____ isozyme

Answer 39

CK-MB

Question 40

Sarcomeric (sMtCK) mitochondrial CK is in _____ muscle

Answer 40

Striated (skeletal)

Question 41

Ubiquitous MtCK is in ____

Answer 41

Most tissues except skeletal muscle (brain, kidney, sperm)

Question 42

All 4 Hexokinase reactions catalyse ____

Answer 42

Hexose

Question 43

Hexokinase I-III are important in the ___

Answer 43

Brain

Question 44

Hexokinase IV is also called ______

Answer 44

Glucokinase

Question 45

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) has a very important role in ______ metabolism

Answer 45

Carbohydrate

Question 46

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) is NOT inhibited by its product, ______

Answer 46

glucose-6-phosphate

Question 47

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) are found where [glucose] levels are ____

Answer 47

High (liver, pancreas)

Question 48

Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase) can ONLY phosphorylate glucose if the concentration of this substrate is ____

Answer 48

High

Question 49

Are hexokinase I-III inhibited by their product?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Which Hexokinase enzyme is the most prominent in all mammalian tissues?

Answer 50

Hexokinase I/A

Question 51

What Hexokinase enzyme is found in the muscle and heart?

Answer 51

Hexokinase II/B

Question 52

Where is Hexokinase II/B loacted?

Answer 52

In mitochondria (direct access to ATP)

Question 53

Which Hexokinase enzyme is only active when glusoce concentrations are really low?

Answer 53

Hexokinase III/C