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BioPsych > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two divisions of the nervous system

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

what are the two divisions of the central nervous system

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What are the first two divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic (Involuntary) and

Somatic (Voluntary)

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4
Q

what does soma stand for

A

body

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5
Q

what does somatic stand for

A

body (skeletal) motor output

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6
Q

what does the somatic division control

A

sensory-motor nerves

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Enteric
Sympathetic
Para Sympathetic

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8
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for

A

fight or flight

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9
Q

What happens to the body during fight or flight

A

increased heart rate
increased respiration
enlarged pupils
digestion shuts down

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10
Q

what is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for

A

rest and digest

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11
Q

What happens to the body during rest and digest

A 
everything slows down 
pupils get smaller
breathing slows and deepens
heart rate slows
Digestion occurs
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12
Q

what are the three divisions of the brain

A

cerebrum/cerebral cortex
Cerebellum/cerebellar cortex
brainstem

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13
Q

What are the three general areas of the brain

A

forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain

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14
Q

what is the name of the anatomical orientation for the top of the brain

A

Dorsal aka Superior

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15
Q

what is the name of the anatomical orientation for the back of the brain

A

Caudal aka Posterior

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16
Q

what is the anatomical orientation of the bottom side of the brain

A

Ventral aka Inferior

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17
Q

What is the anatomical orientation of the front of the brain

A

Rostral aka Anterior

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18
Q

What is the term for towards the middle of the brain

A

medial (towards the middle)

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19
Q

what is the term for towards the outside of the brain

A

lateral (towards the side)

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20
Q

What are the three different planes of dissection

A

Saggital
Horizontal
Coronal

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21
Q

how does the Saggital plane dissect the brain

A

it divides it into right and left pieces

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22
Q

How does the Horizontal plane dissect the brain

A

it divides the brain into top and bottom pieces

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23
Q

How does the Coronal (aka frontal) plane dissect the brain

A

cuts off slices like bread (cutting off the tip of the nose)

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24
Q

What is the viscera

A

the guts - extends from the larynx to the bowels

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25
What are the two main kinds of cells in the brain
neurons | glial cells
26
these brain cells are nerve cells that are extremely greedy and need more than their fair share of oxygen, glucose, nutrients, etc.
neurons
27
these brain cells are more numerous they are the "crew" or helper cells that are all about serving and they comprise about 90% of the brain
glial cells
28
which brain cells need servicing and which brain cells do the servicing
neurons need helpers | glial cells are the helpers 10 glial cells for every 1 neuron
29
What are the 7 parts of the neuron that make up the whole? (CB, D, AH, A, NofR, MS, AT)
``` cell body dendrites axon hillock axon Node of Ranvier Myelin Sheath Axon terminal ```
30
This part of the neuron is the heart of the neuron and is also known as Soma
Cell Body
31
This part of the neuron is branches that reach out to connect with other neurons to receive messages. They physically change day-to-day and in a healthy brain, they continue to grow and make connections.
Dendrites
32
This part of the neuron is the juncture where the cell body meets the axon
Axon Hillock
33
What happens at the Axon Hillock
the neural message starts and its role is to decide whether the neuron should fire and send the bioelectrical message down the axon or not.
34
This part of the neuron is the 1-3 ft. long tube that the message is sent along
Axon
35
This part of the neuron is responsible for releasing chemical messages into the tiny synaptic cleft where they can be received by the receptor sites in the dendrites
Axon Terminal
36
what happens to the electrical message when it reaches the axon terminal
neurotransmitter molecules are released into the synaptic cleft where they can enter into receptor sites on the next neuron
37
How do you explain the key and lock analogy when it comes to neuron activity
Neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft by the axon terminal, they must enter the next neuron through the correct receptor site like a key in a lock, specific neurotransmitters can only connect with the correct receptor site that fits.
38
What is the name of the bioelectrical charge that is being sent down the axon
the action potential
39
What is the name that describes the neuron when it is not firing
the resting potential
40
which comes first the action potential or the resting potential
the resting potential (like a default setting)
41
what is the charge inside the axon during the resting potential
-60 mV millivolts
42
how is the negative charge maintained in the axon during the resting potential
through the Sodium (Na+) / Potassium (K+) pump
43
what is the rule for the Sodium / Potassium pumps
3 Sodium ions are pumped out and 2 potassium ions are pulled in
44
what is the symbol for Sodium
Na+
45
what is the symbol for potassium
K+
46
How does sodium and potassium move in and out of the axon
through ion channels
47
Why is the charge always negative during the resting potential
Because the potassium pumps keep it that way by removing 3 positive ions and pulling in only 2 positive ions this means overall -1
48
What is another name for the sodium/potassium pump
sodium/potassium trasnsporter
49
what are the two physical forces at work during the resting potential
electrostatic pressure | diffusion
50
this physical force causes sodium to want to get inside the axon because sodium is positive and the inside of the axon is negative
electrostatic pressure
51
this physical force causes sodium to want to get inside the axon because there is more sodium outside the axon than inside the axon
diffusion - ion wants to distribute itself equally
52
In the case of sodium ions are the two forces working together or against each other during the resting potential
they are both working together to cause the sodium to want to get inside the axon
53
where is there lots of sodium
extracellular fluid outside of the axon
54
where is there less sodium
the intracellular fluid inside the axon
55
what is the difference between the sodium and potassium channels during the resting period
sodium ion channels are closed while potassium ion channels stay open
56
what is the basic premise of the force of electrostatic pressure
opposite charge attract - positive and negative are drawn to each other while two positives or two negatives repel each other
57
what is the basic premise of the force of diffusion
ions want to distribute themselves equally in a medium
58
In the case of potassium ions are the two forces working together or against each other during the resting potential
they are working against each other
59
what does electrostatic pressure tell the potassium ions to do during the resting potential
electrostatic pressure is telling the potassium ions to stay in the axon because potassium is positive and the charge in the axon is negative during the resting potential
60
what does diffusion tell the potassium ions to do during the resting potential
diffusion tells the potassium ions to go out into the extracellular fluid because there is less of it out there
61
where is there more potassium during the resting potential
intracellular fluid
62
where is there less potassium during the resting potential
extracellular fluid
63
what is the desire of the sodium (Na+) ions during the resting potential
I want to get inside the axon!
64
what is the desire of the potassium (K+) ions during the resting potential
I kind of want to go out but I kind of want to stay in as well, I don't really know what I want to do.
65
Do the two forces of electrostatic pressure and diffusion affect the sodium/ion pumps?
No, they work on the ion channels

BioPsych (3 decks)

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