Module 1 Flashcards
Resource
Society’s collective means of becoming wealthier or supporting itself represented by reserves of minerals, land and other assets
the scarcity-development cycle
the process all products and services undergo through continual use
new resource –> demand rise & price falls –> easy access, reserves exhausted –> scarcity –> prices rise –> R&D, innovation –> new resource created
non-renewable resource
fixed stock (oil and coal), naturally replenished but not at a useful rate for society
renewable resource
water, plants, forest etc, naturally replenished at a useful rate
sustainable yield
the rate at which you can extract a resource continually without the ability to do so being compromised
recyclable resource
exists in form allowing recovery once original purpose is fulfilled - recoverable in theory but difficult to do
carrying capacity
The maximum population of a species that the environment can sustain without the population collapsing
Marxist view
resource scarcity is just a distraction from poor distribution of resources across societies
Crude Death Rate
annual deaths per 1000 population
Crude Birth Rate
annual number of live births per 1000 population
Total Fertility Rate
avg # of children a woman would likely have during child bearing years
Replacement Fertility Rate
of children a couple must have to replace themselves
Demographic Transition
shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates overtime as countries industrialize
negative feedback loop
self-regulating system - output tends to dampen/moderate the input of the system
Positive feedback loop
output reinforces the initial input, it is self-reinforcing - change in a given direction causes additional change in same direction
