module 1 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is pharmacotherapy ?
The use of drugs to prevent, diagnose, or treat signs, symptoms, and diseases. These medications can be preventative, curing, and relieving. systemic drugs travel in the circulation to their site of action in various body tissues and are then eliminated.arugs can be acute or long term depending on their nature.
Synthetic medications
These medications are made in laboratories they are more standardized in their chemical characteristics and more consistent in their affects. They are less likely to produce allergic reactions
Semi- synthetic medications
These meds are modified natural substances that have been chemically modified.these include antibiotics. Could also be a vaccine which takes a natural substance like virus and combines i with a manmade componet
What is biotechnology?
This process involves manipulating and recombining genes; using another organism to produce clones and a target such as insulin.
What is a drug classification?
All drugs are classified. This may be according to their effect on a certain body system (bronchodialator), their therapeutic use(anti-emetic/nausea) and their chemical characteristics(beta blockers). medications may be a part of more than one category because they have a wide effect on the body. Ex: morphine is a CNS depressant, narcotic pain reliever, and an opioid.
How is the drug risk categorized?
The fda categorizes all drugs based on their risk from a(safest) to x (known danger) the fda implemented the pregnancy and lactation labelling rule which requires changes to the content and format of info presented in the perscription labeling rule. The fda launced a phaseout of pregnancy categories that stratifled risk of fetal injury from drugs used correctly by the mother. This was done because existing categories were found to lead to false conclusions on which drugs were safe.
What is the difference betweeen a generic name and a trade name?
The generic name is often related to the chemical or official name and is independent of the manufacturer.it often indicates the drug group ex: cillins are penicillins.
the brand name or trade name is named and patened by the manufacturer. No other company can produce the drug with the same chemical makeup until the patent expires. when the patent expires, another company can produce the same drug with the same makeup, but a different trade name.
The trade name is usually more expensive, written in uppercase and will likley have a co-pay.
What are OTC drugs?
These drugs are available over the counter there is a potential for drug interaction with other drugs. This interaction could have side effects.it is important for the nurse to teach the patient about the arug and you must stress the importance of reading labels for ingredients and dosing.
What are advantages of otc medications?
- Patients have greater autonomy
- faster
- More convenient
- Early resumption of activities and fewer visits to health care providers
- Possible increased efforts by consumers to learn about their symptoms/conditions and recommended treatment
What are disadvantages of otc medications?
- Innacurate self-diagnosis and potential risk of choosing wrong or contraindicated drug
- Delays treatment by a professional
- Development of adverse drug reactions and interactions
What are a nurse’s legal responsiblties?
- Safe accurate medication administration
- Recognizing and questioning erroneous orders
- Refusing to administer unsafe medication
- Delegating in compliance with the law
What is the FDA?
Regulates the manufacturing,distribution, advertising, and labeling of official usp drugs. They require companies to meet standards of purity and strength determined by analysis. Herbals and supplements are not regulated by this rule.
What is the durham-humphrey amendment? who enforces it?
This amendment states that certain designated drugs must be perscribed by a licensed doctor or practitioner and dispensed by a pharmacy. The fda enforces this amendment
What is the controlled substances act?
This act regulates the manufacturing and distribution of narcotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, depressants, and anabolic steroids. Pharmeceutical industry must maintain physical security and strict record keeping
What is the drug enforcement agency?
The dea enforces the controlled substances act. Perscribers are assigned a dea # which must be on all perscriptions for controlled substances
What does the US public health service (usphs) do?
Regulates vaccines and biologics
What does the federal trade commission do?
This agency can suppress misleading advertisments
What is a nurses role regarding controlled substances?
- Keep substances locked
- Administer to a patient only with a valid order
- Maintain accurate record of each dose given in narcotic record and medication administation record
- keep an accurate inventory and report discrepancies to authorities
What is the comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act (1970) ?
- Regulates manufacturing and distribution of substances with potential for abuse including narcotics, hallucinogens, depressants, and anabolic steroids.
- Drugs are categorized by schedule I through V based on therapeutic use and potential for abuse.
- State laws are more stringent (strict)
Schedule I
Drugs with no accepted medical use. They have a lack of accepted saftey and high abuse potential examples include heroin, LSD, meth, and peyote.
Schedule II
Drugs that are used medically and have high abuse potentials: examples include codeine, hydromorphine, methadone, meperidine, cocain, barbituate, pentobarbital
Schedule III
Drugs with less potential for abuse than the previous two schedulesshowever, abuse can lead to dependence. Include depressants, androgens, anabolic steroids, and CNS stimulants.
Schedule IV
Drugs with an accepted medical use in the united states but have some potential for abuse. Include benzodlazepines and sedative hypnotics
Schedule V
Products containing moderate amounts of controlled substances they may be dispensed by pharmacist l without a prescription but with some restrictions on a mount and other safeguards these include cough suppressants with codiene and antidiarrheal drugs
