Module 1

Question 1

Is the increase in obesity in Australia commensurate with the increase in depression and anxeity

Answer 1

Yes (perhaps)

Question 2

What proportion of young people in Australia are overweight or obese

Answer 2

25-30%

Question 3

What proportion of the adult population in Australia are overweight or obese

Answer 3

65%

Question 4

What mental health disorders increase in odds ratio for every standard deviation increase in unhealthy western diets, according to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study

Answer 4

Mood disorders: MDD, dystemia and bi-polar

But not anxiety

Question 5

According to the Geelong Osteoporosis Study, are women less likely to have a mood disorder or anxiety disorder with a higher or lower intake of healthy diet

Answer 5

Higher (means healthier)

Question 6

In the Norweigan replication of the Geelong Osteoporosis study, what was the effect on mood disorders in men and women by higher quality diet scores

Answer 6

Men had reductions in likelihood of depression

Women had reduction in likelihood of depression and anxiety

Question 7

In studies of the Mediterranean diet, did a higher or lower level of adherence to the diet related to lower risk of new depression

Answer 7

Higher

Question 8

In the Whitehall study of UK middled aged public servants, what was the relationship between western type diets and whole foods diets on new depression cases at 5-year follow-up

Answer 8

Western diets had an increased risk for new depression

Whole food diets has a decreased risk for new depression

Question 9

What percentage increase in the risk of new depression is associated with the intake of trans-fats through commercial baked good

Answer 9

40%

Question 10

What proportion of Australians have comorbid physical and mental health problems

Answer 10

1/9

Question 11

What organ of the body has the highest concentration of omega-3 fatty acid DHA

Answer 11

The brain

Question 12

What mineral is required for the synthesis of neurochemicals

Answer 12

Zinc

Question 13

Is Zinc important for learning and memory

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Does Zinc contribute to lower levels of depression and mental illness

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What mineral helps with nervous system regulation, protein synthesis and making new neural connections

Answer 15

Magnesium

Question 16

What are the benefits of magnesium

Answer 16

Reduces stress and can assist with sleep

Question 17

Does Iron transport oxygen through the bloodstream

Answer 17

Yes

Question 18

How do polyphenols help maintain healthy brain function

Answer 18

By preventing oxidation and inflammation

Question 19

What are disorders are associated with low levels of omega-3

Answer 19

ADHA, depression, schizophrenia

Question 20

Do kids show improved learning and behaviour after DHA supplements

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Can vitamin/mineral supplements improve cognitive performance and IQ in school children with less than optimal levels of nutrients to start

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Are juvenile offenders more or less violent after getting supplements

Answer 22

less

Question 23

Can artificially and naturally occurring substances and foot additivites such as food colouring contributed to ADHD symptoms in kids

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

What conceptual model of the body is fibre important for

Answer 24

The gut-brain axis

Question 25

What is the WHO recommendation for daily sugar intake

Answer 25

No more than 10% of daily total energy intake | No more than 25 grams will provide additional health benefits

Question 26

How much sugar does an average person consumer per week

Answer 26

1.36kgs

Question 27

What brain area does sugar shrink and what is that area responsible for

Answer 27

The hippocampus (memory and mood regulation)

Question 28

Is there an association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms

Answer 28

Yes

Question 29

Is the association between sugary drink consumption and depressive symptoms stronger in women or men

Answer 29

Women

Question 30

Is the mediterranean diet associated with reductions in overally mortality, cardio disease, cancer and incidence of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What are the benefits of a 10-day mediterranean diet intervention?

Answer 31

Improved mood, increased energy and contentment

Question 32

Does combining nutrtition sources such as vitamin c and iron-rich foods have health benefits

Answer 32

Yes

Question 33

In clinical populations, are carbs associated with enhanced or lower mood in people with obesity, premenstural syndrome and SAD

Answer 33

enhanced

Question 34

In non-clinical populations, is a carb-diet associated with positive mood and energy and reductions in anger, anxiety and depression

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

What is the contensted neural explanation for the beneficial effects of carbs on mood

Answer 35

Increase of tryptophan in brain which increases serotonin

Question 36

Are low-car or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss and cardio health

Answer 36

Low-carb

Question 37

What sociopsychological factor mediates food choices

Answer 37

Attitudes

Question 38

Can food decisions be motivated by senses such as smells

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Is the association between pleasant smells and tastes with positive feelings innate or learned

Answer 39

Learned

Question 40

Are ALA, EPA, and DHA the three fatty-acids

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

Are omega-3 fatty acids associated with neuronal growth, enhanced mood, reduced heart disease and delay of dementia

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Is the efficacy of fish oil supplements clear

Answer 42

No. Mixed results

Question 43

Are supplements with high EPA good for treating MDD alongside anti-depressants

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Are fish oils supplements efficacious in reducing cardio disease

Answer 44

No

Question 45

Do antioxidants in coffee have beneficial effects on protecting against dementia in later life

Answer 45

Yes

Question 46

What percentage reduction is there in risk of depression in women who drink coffee vs those who are non-drinkers

Answer 46

20%

Question 47

Is there evidence of a placebo effect in coffee

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

What is the main health benefit of fermented foods

Answer 48

Good for gut bacteria

Question 49

Are fermented food associated with fewer symptoms of social anxiety

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Do probiotics which improve gut bacteria also improve depressive symptoms

Answer 50

Yes, but more study is required

Question 51

Do pregnant women who consume chocolate daily have a more positive child temperament

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

Does chocolate lead to increased psychological and emotional well-being among men vs other types of sweets

Answer 52

Yes

Question 53

In elderly men and post-menopausal women, how much dark chocolate should be consumed each day to enhance cognition and reduced risks of cancer, diabetes and heart disease

Answer 53

100g

Question 54

Does chocolate lower blood pressure, blood sugar and cortisol as well as improve cellular processing of sugar

Answer 54

Yes

Question 55

Does chocolate release endorphins

Answer 55

Yes

Question 56

Does choclate work through similar chemical mechanisms as cannabis and amphetamines

Answer 56

Yes (anadamides and phenylethylamine)

Question 57

Does chocolate have a long-term effect on mood

Answer 57

No

Question 58

Can chocolate have a boomerang effect

Answer 58

Yes. Consumption can be followed by guilt or regret

Question 59

Does yoga reduce stress, anxiety, depression and enhance sleep

Answer 59

Yes

Question 60

Does yoga increase perceptions of quality of life and decrease perceived stress

Answer 60

Yes