Module 1 Flashcards by Mik Corinne

the process of seeking and obtaining a sound educational base about culturally and ethnically diverse groups

Cultural knowledge

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the ability to recognize one’s limitations in knowledge and cultural perspective

Cultural humility

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study of multiple genes and their interactions with environmental determinants, in predicting disease susceptibility and response to medical treatment.

Genomics

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reflection of the whole spectrum of human behavior, including ideas and attitudes

Culture

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motivation of a healthcare professional to “want to” engage in the process of becoming culturally competent

Cultural desire

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sensitivity to the patient’s heritage, sexual orientation, socioeconomic situation, ethnicity, and cultural background

Culturally competent care

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the deliberate self-examination of one’s biases, stereotypes, prejudices, and assumptions about cultures that are different from one’s own

Cultural awareness

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an inflexible generalization about a group.

Stereotype

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an approach to the prevention and treatment of disease that takes into account an individual’s genetic profile, environment, and lifestyle

Precision medicine

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the ability to collect culturally relevant data regarding the patient’s presenting problem.

Cultural skill

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Person whose gender identity differs from that sex assigned at birth but may be more complex or fluid. It can encompass individuals who identify as non-binary, genderqueer, gender fluid, and a host of other descriptors.

Gender diverse

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A person’s sexual, romantic, emotional, and physical attraction toward other people

Sexual orientation

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Person whose gender identity differs from sex assigned at birth.

Transgender

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A person’s internal sense of self and how they fit into the world from the perspective of gender.

Gender/gender identity

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Not identifying as exclusively male or female within the traditional gender binary of Western European-based culture.

Non-binary

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Sex assigned at birth, historically based on a cursory visualization of external genitalia.

Sex

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refers to healthcare that incorporates information about an individual’s genes, proteins, and environment into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease

Personalized medicine

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The balance of _______________ and its relationship to wellness is a belief system that is held by members of many cultures, including Arab, Asian, Filipino, and Hispanic.

hot and cold

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An integral part of the overall effort to respond adequately to a person in need is

Cultural awareness

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a range of abusive behaviors perpetrated by someone who is or was involved in an intimate relationship with the victim

Intimate partner violence (IPV)

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questions specifying the onset, location, duration, intensity, characteristics, and aggravating and alleviating factors.

Symptom analysis

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questionnaire for discussing the use of alcohol, which includes cutting down, annoyance by criticism, guilty, and eye openers

CAGE

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blood relatives in the immediate or extended family with illnesses that have features similar to the patient’s concern.

Family history (FH)

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a brief statement of the reason the patient is seeking care

Chief Concern (CC)

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work, marriage, sexual, and spiritual experiences; the patient’s use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.

Personal and Social History (SH)

questions concerning the ability to take care of one’s daily needs that are part of the review of systems.

Functional Assessment

the patient’s state of overall health before the present problem

Past medical History

a step-by- step evaluation of the circumstances that surround the primary reason for the patient’s visit.

History of Present Illness (HPI)

The presence or absence of health-related issues in each body system.

Review of Systems (ROS)

action that will best facilitate the interview when obtaining a history from a deaf patient who can read lips?

Speaking slowly

Approximately what percentage of patients interviewed have a sexual orientation other than heterosexual?

10%

Repeating a patient’s answer is an attempt to:

confirm an accurate understanding

Type of history unique to pediatric history?

Developmental History

During an interview, your patient admits to feeling worthless and having a sleep disturbance for the past 3 weeks. These are clues that warrant the exploration of

Risk for suicide

Which questionnaire developed to screen for drug and alcohol use is recommended for adolescent patients?

CRAFFT

When questioning a patient regarding a sensitive issue, such as drug use, it is best to

Be direct, firm, and to the point

examination technique that involves striking one object against another to produce vibration and subsequent sound waves

Percussion

the part of the stethoscope that detects low-frequency sounds.

Bell of stethoscope

an instrument used to determine the degree of flexion or extension of a joint.

Goniometer

a device used to screen patients at risk for macular degeneration.

Amsler device

an instrument used for screening tests for auditory function and vibratory sensation

Tuning fork

device used to measure the height of persons able to stand erect without support.

Stadiometer

an instrument that allows the examiner to evaluate the internal eye structures

Ophthalmoscope

a function that adjusts or changes light variations of an ophthalmoscope for examination

Aperture setting

an instrument that allows the examiner to evaluate the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane.

Otoscope

an instrument that differentiates tissue, fluid, and air within a body cavity.

Transilluminator

technology that detects blood flow

Doppler

an instrument used to assess function of the middle ear.

Tympanometer

the part of the stethoscope that detects high-pitched sounds.

Diaphragm

a tool used to test visual acuity for literate English-speaking patients

Snellen

a black light used to detect fungi on skin lesions.

Wood’s Lamp

Gathering information through touch

Palpation

Used to assess for macular degeneration

Amsler grid

Measures percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen

Pulse oximetry

Source of light with a narrow beam

Transilluminator

Used to test deep tendon reflexes

Percussion hammer

Used to visualize turbinates

Nasal speculum

Assesses near vision

Rosenbaum or Jaeger

Tests for loss of skin protective sensation

Monofilament

Larger field of view in eye examination

Pan-optic Ophthalmoscope

Percussion tone over stomach

Tympani

Percussion tone over sternum

Flat

Percussion tone over lung of emphysema pt

Hyperressonant

Percussion tone over liver

Dull

Percussion tone over lung of pt with pneumonia

Dull

Percussion tone over lung of normal pt

Resonant

Percussion tone over abdomen

Dull

infection control guidelines currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the care of all patients

Standard Precautions

A patient states that even after he urinates he doesn’t feel like his bladder is really empty. Which instrument can be used to determine if his bladder incompletely empties?

Portable ultrasound unit

How does infection control practice in an outpatient setting such as a clinic compare with that in the acute-care setting?

It’s the same

Example of when trans illumination is appropriate tool to use

Detection of fluid in sinuses

instrument used in conjunction with a simple nasal speculum to visualize the lower and middle turbinates of the nose?

Penlight

As a component of palpation, what surface if the hand is most sensitive to vibration?

Ulnar surface of hand

The term intensity, when used in relation to percussion tones, refers to

The loudness of the tone

Indirect finger percussion involves striking the middle finger of the nondominant hand with

the tip of the middle finger of the dominant hand

A patient has a urinary tract infection. The examiner wishes to assess tenderness over the kidney. What examination technique is appropriate?

Firm fist percussion over the kidney

The examiner has detected a superficial mass in the skin. What part of the hand is best to use to palpate this mass?

Fingertips and fingers

Ideally, auscultation should be carried out last, except when examining the

Abdomen

The tubing of a stethoscope should be less than 18 inches long to prevent

distortion of sounds during auscultation

The bell is pressed ______________ against the skin to detect _______- frequency sounds.

Lightly; low

While performing an internal eye examination, the examiner observes a fundal lesion. What feature on the ophthalmoscope permits the examiner to estimate the size and location of the lesion?

Grid aperture

An ophthalmoscope has positive and negative magnification in order to

compensate for myopia or hyperopia in the examiner’s or the patient’s eyes.

The difference between a tuning fork for auditory screening and one for vibratory sensation is

The sound frequency generated

Very young children may feel threatened by the use of a reflex hammer during examination. What could the examiner use in place of a reflex hammer that would be less threatening?

Examiners finger

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the healthcare provider should apply infection control measures when caring for which group of patients?

All patients regardless of their infectious status

Unique comes from what Latin word and what does it mean

Unus; “one”

Three questionnaires used for adolescents

HEAADSSS; PACES; CRAFFT

Assessment tool to assess older adults ADLs and IADLs

DEaTTH SHAFT

Chemical irritation that does not involve the immune system. Symptoms usually dry, itching, irritates areas on the skin, typically the hands

Irritant constant dermatitis

Dorsal surface of the hand is best for estimating ______________

Temperature

Used to detect strabismus

Strabismoscope

Cultural humility involves:

Meeting patients where they are

Culture includes what factor

Entertainment

A person’s definition of illness is likely to be most influenced by:

Encultration

Being sensitive to cultural differences that may exist between you and the patient is most useful in the avoidance of:

Miscommunication

A health history that is designed to chronicle events that have occurred since the patient’s last visit is called a(n):

Interim history

Which communication technique should the APRN use to confirm the patient’s meaning?

Reflect

A Cobb angle > ______ degree is best for surgery

What should you already think if someone is a chronic smoker with raspy voice or PMH of GERD

Difficult airway

``` Cultural humility involves: A. Meeting patients where they are B. Teaching patients about alternative medicine C. Providing holistic care D. Improving language barriers ```

``` Culture include which factor? A. Entertainment B. Job position C. Family tree D. Travel ```

``` A person’s definition of illness is likely to be most influenced by: A. Socioeconomic class B. Ritual C. Enculturation D. Age group ```

``` Being sensitive to cultural differences that may exist between you and the patient is most useful in the avoidance of: A. Miscommunication B. Stereotypic Judgement C. Opinion formation D. Prejudice ```

``` A health history that is designed to chronicle events that have occurred since the patient’s last visit is called a(n): A. Interim history B. Problem history C. Inventory history D. Complete history ```

``` All of the following tools are beneficial to use when screening adolescents EXCEPT: A. CRAFFT B. HEEADSSS C. PACES D. KATZ ```

``` Which communication technique should the APRN use to confirm the patient’s meaning? A. Reflect B. Facilitate C. Interpret D. Empathize ```

``` During palpation, which area of the hand is the best for distinguishing vibration? A. Finger tips B. Dorsal surface of the hand C. Palmer surface of the hand D. Ulnar surface of the hand ```

``` When performing indirect percussions, the stationary finger is struck: A. At the middle joint B. At the distal interphalangeal joint C. At the ulnar surface D. When it is in contact with a fist ```

``` Expected normal percussion tones include: A. Dullness over the lungs B. Tympani over an empty stomach C. Flatness over an empty stomach D. Hyper resonance over the lungs ```