module 1

Question 1

are the creative products of nurses who seek (or sought) to thoughtfully describe the many aspects of nursing in ways that could be studied, evaluated, and used by other nurses.

Answer 1

Nursing theories

Question 2

are people who are or have been nurses, have thought deeply about how one might describe the phenomenon of nursing, and then have tried in their own way, from their own perspective, to record their thoughts and observations based on professional and personal experiences

Answer 2

Nurse theorists

Question 3

Helps us to organize our thoughts and ideas.

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

A set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions that project a systematic view of phenomena.

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

It may consist of one or more relatively specific and more concrete concepts and propositions that purport to account for, or organize some phenomenon (Barnum, 1988)

Answer 5

Theory

Question 6

gives planners tools for moving beyond intuition to design and evaluate health behavior and health promotion interventions based on understanding of behavior (Robert T. Croyle (2005)

Answer 6

Theory

Question 7

He said that theory may consist of one or more relatively specific and more concrete concepts and propositions that purport to account for, or organize some phenomenon

Answer 7

Barnum, 1988

Question 8

According to him, theory gives planners tools for moving beyond intuition to design and evaluate health behavior and health promotion interventions based on understanding of behavior

Answer 8

Robert T. Croyle (2005).

Question 9

The components of a theory

Answer 9

concepts, definitions, assumptions, phenomenon, propositions

Question 10

ideas and mental images that help describe phenomena (Alligood and Marriner Tomey, 2002).

Answer 10

Concepts

Question 11

Building blocks of a theory.

Answer 11

Concepts

Question 12

types of concepts

Answer 12

empirical, inferential, abstract

Question 13

Knowledge derived from investigation, observation, experimentation, or experience (e.g. justice, beauty, truth)

Answer 13

Empirical concepts

Question 14

indirectly observable concepts (e.g. pain, dyspnea, temperature)

Answer 14

Inferential concepts

Question 15

concepts that are not clearly observable directly and indirectly; aka non observable concepts (e.g. social support, personal role, and self- esteem)

Answer 15

Abstract concepts

Question 16

convey the general meaning of the concepts

Answer 16

Definitions

Question 17

statements that describe concepts.

Answer 17

Assumptions

Question 18

aspect of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced (Meleis, 1997)

Answer 18

Phenomenon

Question 19

describe the relationship or connection that exist among the concepts of the theory. A statement that proposes a relationship between concepts, and represents the theorists view of which concepts fit together.

Answer 19

Propositions

Question 20

A model that explains the linkages of science, philosophy, and theory accepted and applied by the discipline (Alligood and Marriner – Tomey, 2002)

Answer 20

Paradigm

Question 21

The view or perspective of the discipline.

Answer 21

Domain

Question 22

It contains the subject, central concepts, values and beliefs, phenomena of interest, and the central problems of the discipline

Answer 22

Domain

Question 23

How does domain relate to nursing theory?

Answer 23

Nursing has identified its domain in a paradigm that includes four linkages: Person/ Client, Health, Environment, Nursing

Question 24

the one receiving nursing care

Answer 24

person/client

Question 25

the part of the health-illness continuum where the person is at the time of interaction

Answer 25

health

Question 26

place where the person exists

Answer 26

environment

Question 27

nursing actions

Answer 27

nursing

Question 28

Types of Nursing Theories

Answer 28

Grand theories, Middle range theories, Descriptive theories, Prescriptive theories

Question 29

Type of nursing theory that is broad and complex

Answer 29

Grand theories

Question 30

type of nursing theory that address specific phenomena and reflect practice

Answer 30

Middle range theories

Question 31

Type of nursing theory that is the 1st level of theory development

Answer 31

Descriptive theories

Question 32

type of nursing theory that address nursing interventions and predict their consequences

Answer 32

Prescriptive theories

Question 33

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 33

Everyday practice enriches theory

Question 34

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 34

Both practice and theory are guided by values

Question 35

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 35

Theory can close gap between theory and and beliefs

Question 36

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 36

Helps to reframe our thinking about nursing research

Question 37

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 37

Guides use of ideas and techniques

Question 38

Why on earth do we study nursing theory?

Answer 38

To envision potentialities (Gordon, Parker & Jester,2001)

Question 39

So how do nurses use theory in everyday practice?

Answer 39

• Organize, understand and analyze patient data • Make decisions about nursing interventions • Plan patient care • Predict outcomes of care • Evaluate patient outcome (Alligood, 2001)

Question 40

two very important questions you ask yourself

Answer 40

✔ What is the nature of knowledge needed for the practice of nursing? ✔ What does it mean to me to practice nursing?

Question 41

It describes how to break whole things into parts & then to learn how the parts work together in “systems”. These concepts may be applied to different kinds of systems, e.g. Molecules in chemistry, cultures in sociology, and organs in Anatomy & Health in Nursing

Answer 41

General System Theory

Question 42

It defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things & to environmental conditions.

Answer 42

Adaptation Theory

Question 43

a continuously occurring process that effects change & involves interaction & response

Answer 43

Adaptation

Question 44

Human adaptation occurs on three levels

Answer 44

The internal ( self); the social (others); and The physical (biochemical reactions)

Question 45

It outlines the process of growth & development of humans as orderly & predictable, beginning with conception & ending with death.

Answer 45

Developmental Theory

Question 46

Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence & determine nursing practice are

Answer 46

The person (patient). The environment Health Nursing (goals, roles, functions)

Question 47

The most important of the four concepts. The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory

Answer 47

person.