Module 1 Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is ABA?
-One of the 3 branches of the Science of behavior analysis
-As a science, ABA is a systematic approach to understanding bx of Social importance
-As a practice, ABA is the application of bx analytic principles to improve socially importance Bxs
-Way of life
-Good Teaching
What is Good Teaching?
-Providing Motivation
-Giving Clear and Accurate Feedback
-Providing Assistance When Necessary
-Developing independence
-Adjusting Teaching Strategies Based Upon the Child
Components of a Good Teacher
-Fun, Receptive, Systematic, Objective
-Adaptable/ Flexible
-Analytic. Engaging
-Professional
-Tireless Worker
-Creative. Reinforcing
-Widely competent, big pic Vs Little
Thorndike: Contributions
-Law of Effect
-Learning Curves
-Law of Recency
-Trial & Error Learning
ABA
*Science of bx
*Aims to improve lives by:
-Teaching new bx or
-Increasing or decreasing existing bx
Focus of ABA
-Figure out why ppl do the things that they do
-Look for the effect(s) of the Env on Bx
-Improve lives by changing the Env
Main Goal of ABA Practice
-To improve quality of life & to help others achieve meaningful outcomes
Applied (7 Dimension)
*ABA focuses on producing meaningful change -Bx the is “Socially Significant” (imp to the individual & society)
-E.g. Learning to Drive
Behavioral (7 Dimension)
*Targets Bx that is observable & measurable
*ABA focuses on Bx as a target for change
E.g. Target nail-biting rather than “anxiety”
Analytic (7 Dim)
*Look at the effect of the Env on Bx by:
-Changing the setting
-Measuring bx before/ after changes
*These are called “systematic manipulations”
-E.g. Empty dishwasher
Technological
-Not computer technology
-Procedures clearly & precisely described
-Allows for replication (doing it the same way again)
E.g. Assembly instructions
Effective
-Effects of behavioral intervention have to be large enough to make a difference in the person’s life
-Measure Bc (collect data)
-Revise if the plan is not effective
-E.g. Decreasing toileting accidents
Conceptually Systematic
-Procedures linked to the basic principles of Bx
-Understand WHY we use specific procedures or teaching techniques
-E.g. Using Reinforcement to teach a new skill
Generality
*Bx change:
-Maintains across time
-Transfers to other settings & situations
-Spreads to other Bx
E.g: Child greeting others
Understanding the 7 characteristics of ABA is imp because these characteristics
-Inform our procedures/ practices in ABA
What is Autism?
*Symptoms can be characterized by:
1. Behavioral excesses (behaviors that occur too much) e.g. crying, “tantruming,” “swimming”, etc.
2. Behavioral deficits (bxs that don’t occur enough) e.g., talking, social interaction, play skills, etc.
DSM-V Criteria are Observable Behaviors
-DSM-V criteria are descriptive of behaviors
-Many diagnostic team will use comprehensive standardized instruments specifically developed for the diagnosis of ASD to demonstrate that observed bxs are clearly in the atypical range
Behaviors of Concern:
-Lack of behavior or regression in Skills:
-Lack of language development
-Regression of language
-Lack of pretend play
-Lack of pointing, eye contact, response to one’s name or decrease response, of pointing
Autism is a _____ that is defined by its symptoms
-Developmental disability
Severity Levels for ASD measured across social communication & Restricted, Repetitive Bxs
-Level 1: Requiring Support
-Level 2: “Requiring substantial support
-Level 3: Requiring very substantial support
Autism: Social: Persons with autism may possess the following characteristic in various combinations & in varying degrees severity:
-Preference for being alone
-Little or no eye contact
-Avoidance of physical contact (cuddling, affection, hugging)
-Lack of appropriate play skills
Autism: Social:
Persons with autism may possess the following characteristic in various combinations & in varying degrees severity:
-Preference for being alone
-Little or no eye contact
-Avoidance of physical contact (cuddling, affection, hugging)
-Lack of appropriate play skills
-Difficulty relating to other children & adults
-Lack of interest in other children & what others are doing
-No response when name is called
Autism: Communication
*Persons with autism may possess the following characteristics in various combinations & in varying degrees of severity:
-Difficulty expressing needs (use of gestures, hand leading, or pointing instead of words)
-Echolalia (repeating words or phrases in place of normal, responsive language)
-Difficulty with reciprocal conversation
Autism Communication (con…t)
-Absence of or delayed speech and language
-May contribute to behavioral prob (cuz of an inability to use language to communicate wants/ needs)
