module 1

Question 1

psychology is

Answer 1

the science of behaviors and mental processes

Question 2

behavior is

Answer 2

any action that can be directly observed

Question 3

examples of a behavior

Answer 3

walking, talking

Question 4

mental processes are

Answer 4

psychological phenomena that cannot be directly observed

Question 5

examples of mental processes

Answer 5

happiness, sadness

Question 6

biological processes are

Answer 6

nervous and endocrine systems

Question 7

a visual of psychology is

Answer 7

an onion

Question 8

basic science

Answer 8

understanding the underlying principles, theories, and concepts in psychology (how does child development work?)

Question 9

applied science

Answer 9

solves real world problems by applying the principles and theories gain through basic science (how can we identify and help children?)

Question 10

prior observations

Answer 10

things you know before hand

Question 11

scientific process

Answer 11

prior observations, theory, hypothesis, study/expirement , results

Question 12

theory

Answer 12

general explanation

Question 13

hypothesis

Answer 13

testable prediction derived from theory

Question 14

study

Answer 14

expirement

Question 15

results question

Answer 15

do they support hypothesis

Question 16

a valid hypothesis

Answer 16

is testable

Question 17

there is no ___ in science

Answer 17

proof

Question 18

the goal of science is to

Answer 18

reduce uncertainty

Question 19

mean

Answer 19

average of numbers

Question 20

median

Answer 20

middle number

Question 21

mode

Answer 21

most common

Question 22

range

Answer 22

difference between highest and lowest number

Question 23

variance

Answer 23

the sum of deviation

Question 24

standard deviation

Answer 24

reverses the squaring done in the calculation to bring back to metric (square root, hours rather than hours squared)

Question 25

statistical outliers

Answer 25

numbers that lie farther out from main group

Question 26

negative skew

Answer 26

to the left , mode-median-mean

Question 27

positive skew

Answer 27

the right mean-median-mode

Question 28

normal skew

Answer 28

symmetrical

Question 29

correlation

Answer 29

two variables correlate when they change or vary as a function of one another

Question 30

upward of x and y is

Answer 30

positive correlation

Question 31

downward of x and upward of y is

Answer 31

negative correlation

Question 32

correlation _ causation

Answer 32

does NOT equal

Question 33

correlation coefficient

Answer 33

a statistical measure of the strength of a linear relationship between two variables. Its values can range from -1 to 1.

Question 34

-0.6 is what level of correlation

Answer 34

moderate

Question 35

0.2 is a

Answer 35

weak correlation

Question 36

the closer to 0 the

Answer 36

weaker the correlation

Question 37

a confound is

Answer 37

anything that makes a study confusing

Question 38

correlational studies inherently confounded because of the way they are done

Answer 38

true

Question 39

in correlational studies the variables are

Answer 39

measured and allowed to freely vary , no attempt is made to control either of them

Question 40

when variables are free they

Answer 40

are more realistic and have a higher external validity

Question 42

experimental studies attempt to address some of the major confounds in correlational research by

Answer 42

establishing and order to the variables (x comes before y which rules out the y causes x correlation)

Question 43

experimental studies attempt to address some of the major confounds in correlational research by (2)

Answer 43

use of random assignment to rule out 3rd party variable explanations

Question 44

if done correctly experimentation can

Answer 44

sometimes produce strong evidence of causal relationships

Question 45

order of events is critical

Answer 45

true

Question 46

in correlational cases what is measured first matters

Answer 46

false

Question 47

all experiments have at least one variable that is

Answer 47

manipulated and one that is measured after the iv is manipulated

Question 48

independent variables are what we expect...

Answer 48

to influence dependent variables

Question 49

dependent happens as

Answer 49

a result

Question 50

demand characteristics can

Answer 50

lead participants to change their behaviors or responses based on what they think the research is about

Question 51

what is experimental blinding

Answer 51

when info is withheld from all that could be affected