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Biology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The collected body of data from experiments and observations

A

Evidence

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2
Q

Observation involving numbers, such as counting

A

Quantitive Observation

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3
Q

Observations that are not easily counted or measured, such as color or texture

A

Qualitative Observation

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4
Q

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge, experience, or evidence

A

Inference

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5
Q

A suggested, testable answer to a well-defined scientific question or a possible, testable explanation for observations

A

Hypothesis

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6
Q

A factor that changes in an experiment

A

Variable

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7
Q

The variable manipulated by the experimenter

A

Independent Variable

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8
Q

The variable responding to the manipulated variable

A

Dependent Variable

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9
Q

The group in an experiment that is manipulated (contains the independent variable)

A

Experimental Group

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10
Q

The group in an experiment that experiences no manipulation (does not contain the independent variable)

A

Control Group

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11
Q

An explanation of some part of the natural world that has been thoroughly tested and is supported by a significant amount of evidence from observations and experiments

A

Scientific Theory

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12
Q

A description of a natural relationship or principle, often expressed in mathematical terms and supported by a significant amount of evidence

A

Scientific Law

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13
Q

Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

A

Microorganisms

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14
Q

The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions

A

Abiogenesis

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15
Q

The sum total of all processes in an organism that converts energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain the organism’s life functions

A

Metabolism

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16
Q

The sum total of all processes in an organism that uses energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life

A

Anabolism

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17
Q

The sum total of all processes in an organism that break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks

A

Catabolism

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18
Q

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food

A

Photosynthesis

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19
Q

Organisms that are able to make their own food

A

Autotrophs

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20
Q

Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food

A

Heterotrophs

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21
Q

Organisms that eat only plants

A

Herbivores

22
Q

Organisms that eat only organisms other than plants

A

Carnivores

23
Q

Organisms that eat both plants and other organisms

A

Omnivores

24
Q

The maintenance of stable internal conditions

A

Homeostasis

25
Q

Organism that is internally warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process

A

Endotherm

26
Q

Organism that lacks an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

A

Ectotherm

27
Q

Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal or external environment

A

Receptors

28
Q

Process by which a single organism produces genetically identical offspring (offspring receives all DNA from one parent)

A

Asexual Reproduction

29
Q

Process by which two parents produce genetically different offspring (offspring receives a combination of DNA from two parents)

A

Sexual Reproduction

30
Q

The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring

A

Inheritance

31
Q

An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents

A

Mutation

32
Q

The metric system (abbreviated SI), which is the most widely used system of measurement in science

A

International System of Units

33
Q

A microscope that shines light through a specimen using two lenses to magnify an image

A

Compound Light Microscope

34
Q

A microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen

A

Transmission Electron Microscope

35
Q

A microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen

A

Scanning Electron Microscope

36
Q

The smallest units of an organism considered alive

A

Cells

37
Q

List the Criteria for Life (6)

A

Cells, Growth and Development, Metabolism and Energy, Homeostasis, Sense and Respond to Stimuli, DNA and Reproduction

38
Q

Why are cells considered the most basic unit of life?

A

Because every living thing is composed of cells

39
Q

Does science actually prove anything?

A

No

40
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

It is the system that helps scientists create observations, hypotheses, theories, and laws by conducting experiments

41
Q

Why does the story of spontaneous generation illustrate the limitations of science?

A

It shows how we as humans will still create theories that may not be 100% true

42
Q

What are some common tools scientists use in the study of biology?

A

Microscopes, balances, telescopes, computers, robots

43
Q

Why do scientists use the metric system?

A

Because it is the most common method of measurement

44
Q

Why do scientists have procedures and protocols in the laboratory?

A

So they can be safe when they study specimens that could be dangerous and for the well-being of any living creatures they study

45
Q

A Hungarian doctor who realized that germs could be carried by our hands and that doctors had to wash their hands after caring for corpses

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

46
Q

A Greek philosopher who thought maggots were formed from non-living meat

A

Aristotle

47
Q

A biologist that used a sweaty shirt and some grain of wheat and believed that mice could spontaneously generate from that

A

Jean Baptist van Helmont

48
Q

A Italian physician who questioned spontaneous generation and tested it with meat in an opened container and meat in a closed container to see which one the maggots would come to

A

Francesco Redi

49
Q

A scientist that thought that microorganisms spontaneously generated

A

Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

50
Q

A scientist who supported spontaneous generation by boiling water and putting it in a flask with a cork

A

John Needham

51
Q

A contemporary of Needham who did not like his experiments. He boiled the liquid longer and completely closed the lid to show that no microorganisms would appear

A

Lazzaro Spallanzani

52
Q

A scientist that finally demonstrated that microorganisms can not spontaneously generate by conducting a experiment with flasks with curved necks

A

Louis Pasteur

Biology (18 decks)

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