Module 1

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Focused on understanding the conscious experience through introspection

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

Emphasized how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

William James

Question 6

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer 6

Focuses on the role of the unconscious and childhood experiences in affecting conscious behavior.

Question 7

Behaviorism

Answer 7

Focuses on observing and controlling behavior through what is observable. Puts an emphasis on learning and conditioning.

Question 8

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 8

Focuses not just on behavior, but on on mental processes and internal mental states.

Question 9

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 9

Emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans and rejects that psychology should focus on problems and disorders.

Question 10

The Five Psychological Domains

Answer 10

1. Biological
2. Cognitive
3. Developmental
4. Social and personality
5. Mental and Physical

Question 11

Biopsychology

Answer 11

Explores how our biology influences behavior. The fields of behavioral neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, and neuropsychology are all subfields of biological psychology.

Question 12

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

Explores how human behavior evolved.

Question 13

Sensation and perception

Answer 13

Research is interdisciplinary, but there is a focus on the physiological aspects of sensory systems, as well as in the psychological experience of sensory information.

Question 14

The Cognitive Domain

Answer 14

Focuses on thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions
Studies language, cognition, memory, intelligence, and more

Question 15

The Developmental Domain

Answer 15

Includes behavioral psychology and learning/conditioning
Classical and operant conditioning
Developmental Psychology is the scientific study of development across a lifespan
Stages and milestones of development

Question 16

Social psychology

Answer 16

is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others

Question 17

Personality psychology

Answer 17

is the study of patterns of thoughts and behaviors that make each individual unique

Question 18

personality trait

Answer 18

a consistent pattern of thought and behavior

Question 19

Abnormal psychology

Answer 19

focuses on abnormal thoughts and behaviors

Question 20

Clinical psychology

Answer 20

focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior

Question 21

Health psychology

Answer 21

focuses on how health is affected by the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors

Question 22

Industrial-Organizational psychology

Answer 22

applies psychological theories, principles, and research findings in industrial and organizational settings.

Question 23

Forensic psychology

Answer 23

applies the science and practice of psychology to the justice system.

Question 24

Sport and exercise psychology

Answer 24

focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities

Question 25

first department of psychology

Answer 25

Calcutta university established the first department of psychology in 1915 under the leadership of Dr N.N Sengupta,

Question 26

Dr N.N Sengupta,

Answer 26

who had worked under Professor Hugo Munsterberg, a former student of Wundt.

Question 27

pioneer of psychoanalysis

Answer 27

Dr Girindra Shekhar Bose, who succeeded Dr N.N Sengupta at the Calcutta University

Question 28

Indian Psychoanalytical Society,

Answer 28

1922 he established the Indian Psychoanalytical Society, affiliated to the International Psychoanalytic Association.

Question 29

Indian Council of Social Science and Research

Answer 29

12 December 1968

Question 30

Counselling Psychology

Answer 30

Montfort 1st college

Question 31

Science is based on

Answer 31

1. Knowledge of facts 2. Developing theories 3. Testing hypothesis 4. Public and repeated procedures

Question 32

Facts

Answer 32

objective - viewed by others, observable, most observes agree are true

Question 33

Theory

Answer 33

A set of ideas that explain the facts and make predictions on new facts

Question 34

Hypothesis

Answer 34

The prediction on new facts can be varified or falsified

Question 35

Descriptive study

Answer 35

1. Describes a set of facts 2. Does not look for relationship between facts 3. Does not predict what may influence facts 4. May or may not have numerical data

Question 36

Correlation study

Answer 36

1. Collects sets of facts organised into 2 more categories 2. Examines the relationships amongst categories and facts 3. Does not prove causation, may have unmeasured common factor

Question 37

Experiments

Answer 37

Direct way to test hypothesis between factors (variables)

Question 38

Independent variable

Answer 38

The controlled factor, hythothesized to cause effect on other variable

Question 39

Dependent variable

Answer 39

The measured facts, hypothesized to be affected

Question 40

Within Subject experiment

Answer 40

Different levels of independent variable to same subject

Question 41

Between group experiments

Answer 41

different levels of the independent variable are applied to different groups of subjects

Question 42

Random Sample

Answer 42

Every member of the group should have equal chance of being selected for experiment

Question 43

Random Assignment

Answer 43

Every member of the group should have equal chances of being in the control or experimental group

Question 44

Why randomisation?

Answer 44

Helps to avoid false results

Question 45

Lab

Answer 45

a setting desgined for research, uniform conditions for all subjects, permits elimination of irrelavant factors, may seem artifical

Question 46

Field research

Answer 46

beahviour in real world setting poor control over conditions morr representative of reality

Question 47

Self report

Answer 47

procedures in which people describe their behaviour or mental state

Question 48

Observational

Answer 48

researchers directly observe and record behavior rather than relying on subject description