Module 1

Question 1

Refers to the electrostatic force holding two ions together due to their differing charges

Answer 1

Ionic bond

Question 2

___ result from the transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another

Answer 2

Ions

Question 3

Ions that lose an electron

Answer 3

Cation

Question 4

A non-metal atom that gains an electron

Answer 4

Anion

Question 5

Ionic bonding is actually a CONSEQUENCE
of ___

Answer 5

Ionization

Question 6

___ have a tendency to lose electrons

Answer 6

Metals

Question 7

___ have a tendency to gain electrons

Answer 7

Non-metals

Question 8

“To have eight valence electrons”

Answer 8

Octet rule

Question 9

Hydrogens love having a ___ bond

Answer 9

Single

Question 10

Covalent bond classifications

Overlap of electron clouds which allow bond rotation

Answer 10

Sigma bonds (single bonds)

Question 11

Covalent bond classifications

Bonds which arise from electron clouds which do not allow bond rotation

Answer 11

Pi bonds

Question 12

Covalent bonds are also known as?

Answer 12

Molecular orbitals

Question 13

Properties of a Covalent Bond

Refers to the number of electron pairs shared by a pair of atoms involved in a covalent bond

Answer 13

Bond order

Question 14

Properties of a Covalent Bond

Refers to the energy required to overcome the forces of attraction between the atoms, Silberberg (2013)

Answer 14

Bond energy

Question 15

Bond energy

It is easier to break the attraction involving ___ bonds as compared to triple bonds

Answer 15

Single

Question 16

Properties of a Covalent Bond

• Distance between the nuclei of two atoms involved in a covalent bond
• Usually measured in picometers (pm)

Answer 16

Bond length

Question 17

“For a given pair of atoms, a higher bond order results in a ___ bond length and a ___ bond energy.” (Silberberg, 2013)

Answer 17

Shorter; Higher

Question 18

Lower or Higher

Covalent compounds, whichever state they are, usually have ___ boiling and melting points compared to ionic compounds

Answer 18

Lower

Question 19

Covalent or Ionic compounds?

• Do not have freely moving electrons nor do they have ions
• Poor conductors of electricity

Answer 19

Covalent compounds

Question 20

Involves a metal-metal interaction usually of the same element

Answer 20

Metallic bond

Question 21

This bond is formed by the delocalized electron cloud surrounding metal ions

Answer 21

Metallic bond

Question 22

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons

Answer 22

Electronegativity (EN)

Question 23

4 elements with high EN and usually associated with polar covalent bonds

Answer 23

1. Fluorine (F)
2. Oxygen (O)
3. Nitrogen (N)
4. Chlorine (Cl)

Question 24

Electronegativity difference equal to or greater than this value indicates a polar covalent bond

Answer 24

0.5

Question 25

Forces existing between molecules

Answer 25

Intermolecular forces of attraction (IFA)

Question 26

* A charged particle * Contains an electrical charge

Answer 26

Ion

Question 27

A molecule with two atoms of opposite charges

Answer 27

Dipole

Question 28

* Occurs when the partial positive end of a molecule is attracted to the partial negative end of a neighboring molecule * Occurs when polar molecules come very close to one another

Answer 28

Dipole interaction

Question 29

A special type of dipole interaction existing between the hydrogen atom in a polar bond (usually H-F, H-O and H-N) and an unshared electron pair of an electronegative atom

Answer 29

Hydrogen bond

Question 30

The attraction between an **ion to a neighboring polar molecule**

Answer 30

Ion-dipole interactions

Question 31

A polar molecule alters the electron cloud surrounding a nonpolar molecule such that it induces the formation of a dipole

Answer 31

Induced dipole interaction

Question 32

Measure of how easily the surrounding electron cloud can be affected and subsequently distorted

Answer 32

Polarizability

Question 33

* Stands for **effective nuclear charge** * Used to describe the **net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom**

Answer 33

Zeff

Question 34

# Increases or Decreases? Polarizability ___ **down the groups in the periodic table** because atomic size increases (more electron shell)

Answer 34

Increases

Question 35

# Increases or Decreases? Polarizability ___ from **left to right across a period in the periodic table** because the increasing ___ shrinks atomic size and holds the electrons more tightly

Answer 35

Decreases; Zeff

Question 36

# More or Less? Cations are ___ polarizable than their parent atoms because they are smaller; anions are ___ polarizable because they are larger

Answer 36

Less; More

Question 37

The **weakest intermolecular forces** that occur between molecules that come very close to one another

Answer 37

Van der Waals interactions

Question 38

Induced dipole interactions and London dispersion forces fall into this category of intermolecular process

Answer 38

Van der Waals interactions

Question 39

# Higher or Lower? The stronger the intermolecular force of attraction, the ___ the **temperature** is needed to break the bond and reach the specific boiling point

Answer 39

Higher

Question 40

# Higher or Lower? If the surface area of interaction is more extended than the other, then ___ **freezing point** is required

Answer 40

Lower