module 1 Flashcards
cranial bones
Frontal bone
Parietal bones (x2 paired)
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bones (x2 paired)
Occipital bone
Ethmoid bone
facial bones
Nasal bones (x2 paired)
Zygomatic bones (x2 paired)m
Maxilla bones (x2 paired)
Lacrimal bones (x2 paired)
Palatine bones (x2 paired)
Inferior nasal concha (x2 paired)
Vomer
Mandible
temporal bones
Bilateral bones
Lateral aspect
Has four parts: squamous, petrous, mastoid and tympanic part, styloidn process is also considered a distinguished part also
Contribute to cranial vault
Petrous and tympanic parts of each bone also house most of the apparatus that makes up the ear.
Bony landmarks include: squamous, petrous, mastoid, tympanic, styloid, mastoid, zygomatic, external acoustic meatus, mandibular fossa, stylomastoid foramen, internal acoustic meatus carotid canal.
frontal bone
Singular bone that spans across the midline and it consists of four parts: squamous, nasal, orbitals/plates x2
Squamous: largest part- begins at supraorbital margins (superior border of the eye socket) and extends posterosuperiorly from here, makes large bony aspect of forehead, external convex, internal concave
Nasal part: of the frontal bone is the area between the two supraorbital margins
Orbital parts (orbital parts, also called the orbital plates) extend posteriorly from the supraorbital margin to make up the roof of eye socket, two of them, their surfaces concave
Bony landmarks: superciliary arches, zygomatic processes, frontal sinuses
Occipital bone
Singular cranial bone, has four parts, basilar, squamous and two lateral condylar parts- surround the large foramen magnum
Basilar part extends anteriorly from the foramen magnum towards sphenoid bone
Squamous part is an expanded plate of bone that extends posteriorly from the foramen magnum. Gradually curves to continue extending superiorly
Two lateral condylar parts lie lateral to the foramen magnum. Their inferior surfaces form the occipital condyles that articulate with the superior articular facets of c1 to form the AO joint
Landmarks include: foramen magnum, occipital condyles, hypoglossal canals, external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal lines, inferior nuchal lines, internal occipital protuberance
Sphenoid bone
Most complex and intricate cranial bone. It is a singular bone that consists of a central body, with a greater and lesser wing, extending laterally from body of either side. Pterygoid processes that extends inferiorly from the junction of the body and greater wing on either side.
The body of sphenoid bone is roughly cuboidal and contains two air-filled sinuses by a thin bony septum.
Major bony landmarks of the sphenoid bone: body, greater wing, lesser wing, pterygoid process, medial pterygoid plate, lateral pterygoid plate, pterygoid fossa, sella turcica: dorsum sellae w posterior clinoid processes, tuberculum sellae with middle clinoid processes, anterior clinoid processes from lesser wing, hypophyseal fossa, SOF, foramen spinosum, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, optic canal, carotid sulcus
ethmoid bone
Bony landmarks: cribriform plate, crista galli, orbital plates, perpendicular plate, superior nasal concha, superior meatus, middle nasal concha, middle meatus, ehtmoidal air cells.
parietal bones
Last of the cranial bones, quadrilateral bones, roughly rectangular in shape, attach to the midline and have attachments to the frontal sphenoid occipital and temporal bones
mandible
Jaw bone is a singular facial bone that consists of a horizontally curved body and two broad rami that ascend superiorly from the posterior aspect of the body on either side
Bony landmarks: mental protuberance, mental foramen, mandibular canal, coronoid process, mandibular notch, alveolar process.
Maxillary bones
Maxillae are the most complex of facial bones
Paired bones that contain body w four processes, frontal, zygomatic, palatine and alveolar processes. Body of each maxilla is hollow- contains large maxillary sinus
Right and left maxillae join midline anteriorly and contains surfaces enclosing sinus- anterior, orbital, nasal and infratemporal. The anterior surface can easily be seen from an anterior view of the skull. The orbital surface is largely superior and makes up the floor of the orbit. The nasal surface faces medial and slightly posterior and contains the opening of the maxillary sinus. The infratemporal surface faces posterolaterally
Bony landmarks include: frontal process, zygomatic process, alveolar process, palatine process, Maxillary hiatus, infraorbital foramen
Zygomatic bones
Paired facial bones that make up the prominence of the cheek. Each zygoma contains a body with three processes extending from it. The body of the zygoma has an orbital surface that contributes to the floor and lateral wall of the orbit.
Bony landmarks: body, frontal process, temporal process, maxillary process/margin
Lacrimal bones
Paired facial bones that make up medial wall of orbit
Predominant feature is groove- contributes to the nasolacrimal duct which allows excess fluid from the medial aspect of the eye to drain into nasal cavity.
Inferior nasal conchae
The inferior nasal conchae are curved horizontal plates of bone that extend inferomedially into the nasal cavity. They attach laterally to the ethmoid, lacrimal and maxillary bones with the inferior meatus- formed by arch
Nasal bones
Paired bones that are located in between the frontal processes of the maxilla and join superiorly with the frontal bone. Make up your nose bridge.
Palatine bones
Paired bones that are largely located towards the posterior aspect of the nasal cavity. Each bone has a horizontal plate that makes up the posterior aspect of the hard palate- each bone has horizontal plate that make up post aspect of the hard palate, that is more vertically orientated located in between the maxilla and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. The superior aspect of the perpendicular plate contributes to the floor of the orbit.
