Module 1

Question 1

It is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities –
perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding.

studies how people acquire and apply knowledge or
information.

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

The term
“cognition” stems from the Latin word

Answer 2

“cognoscere” or “to know”.

Question 3

Cognitive psychology is based on two assumptions:

Answer 3

(1) Human cognition can at least in principle be fully revealed by the scientific method, that is, individual components
of mental processes can be identified and understood, and

Question 4

Cognitive psychology is based on two assumptions:

Answer 4

(2) Internal mental processes can be described in terms of rules or algorithms in information processing models. There
has been much recent debate on these assumptions

Question 5

three main approaches in cognitive psychology:

Answer 5

experimental cognitive psychology, computational cognitive psychology, and neural
cognitive psychology.

Question 6

treats cognitive psychology as one of the natural sciences and applies experimental methods
to investigate human cognition.

Answer 6

Experimental Cognitive Psychology

Question 7

develops formal mathematical and computational models of human cognition based on symbolic and sub symbolic representations, and dynamical systems.

Answer 7

Computational cognitive psychology

Question 8

It uses brain imaging (e.g., EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, SPECT, Optical Imaging) and neurobiological
methods (e.g., lesion patients) to understand the neural basis of human cognition.

Answer 8

Neural cognitive psychology

Question 9

are composed of separate senses (e.g., visual, auditory, somatosensory) and processing modules

Answer 9

Perceptual systems

Question 10

It solves the problem of information overload in cognitive processing systems by selecting some information for further processing, or
by managing resources applied to several sources of information simultaneously

Answer 10

Attention

Question 11

It improves the response of the organism to the environment. Cognitive psychologists study which new information is acquired and
the conditions under which it is acquired.

Answer 11

Learning

Question 12

The study of the capacity and fragility of human memory is one of the most developed aspects of cognitive psychology. Memory study
focuses on how memories are acquired, stored, and retrieved.

Answer 12

Memory

Question 13

refers to the ability to organize the perception and classification of experiences by the construction of functionally relevant categories

Answer 13

Concept Formation

Question 14

making is everywhere – voluntary behavior implicitly or explicitly requires judgment and choice. The historic foundations of choice are based in normative or rational models and optimality rules, beginning with expected utility theory

Answer 14

Judgment and decision

Question 15

It is the process by which logical arguments are evaluated or constructed. Original investigations of reasoning focused on the extent to which humans correctly applied the philosophically derived rules of inference in deduction

Answer 15

Reasoning

Question 16

is the study of how humans pursue goal directed behavior. The computational state-
space analysis and computer simulation

Answer 16

Problem Solving

Question 17

approaches focus on the formal structures of languages and language use , cognitive psychology has focused on language acquisition, language comprehension, language production, and the psychology of reading

Answer 17

Language Processing

Question 18

Cognitive psychology research has produced an extensive body of principles, representations, and algorithms.

Answer 18

Appplication

Question 19

five fundamental ideas.

Answer 19

1. Empirical data and theories are both important
2. Cognition is generally adaptive, but not in all specific instances
3. Cognitive processes interact with each other and with no cognitive processes.
4. Cognition needs to be studied through a variety of scientific methods.
5. All basic research in cognitive psychology may lead to applications, and all applied research may lead to basic understandings.

Question 20

for gathering data and for testing hypotheses.

Answer 20

Empirical Methods

Question 21

for interpreting data, constructing theories, and
formulating hypotheses based on theories.

Answer 21

Rationalist Method

Question 22

_______ are constantly evolving.

Answer 22

Syntheses