Module 1

Question 1

It is the scientific investigation of human cognition, that is, all our mental abilities such as perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning, and understanding.

Answer 1

Cognitive Psychology

Question 2

It studies how people acquire and apply knowledge or information.

Answer 2

Cognitive Psychology

Question 3

It came from the Latin word “cognoscere” which means “to know”

Answer 3

Cognition

Question 4

It treats cognitive psychology as one of the natural sciences and applies experimental methods to investigate human cognition.

Answer 4

Experimental Cognitive Psychology

Question 5

It develops formal mathematical and computational models of human cognition based on symbolic and sub symbolic representations, and dynamical systems.

Answer 5

Computational Cognitive Psychology

Question 6

It uses brain imaging such as EEG, MEG, MRI, PET, SPECT, Optical Imaging) and neurobiological methods to understand the neural basis of human cognition.

Answer 6

Neural Cognitive Psychology

Question 7

It composed of separate senses such as visual, auditory, somatosensory and processing modules that represent different aspects of the stimulus information.

Answer 7

Perceptual Systems

Question 8

It solves the problem of information overload in cognitive processing systems by selecting some information for further processing, or by managing resources applied to several sources of information simultaneously.

Answer 8

Attention

Question 9

It improves the response of the organism to the environment.

Answer 9

Learning

Question 10

It focuses on how memories are acquired, stored, and retrieved.

Answer 10

Memory

Question 11

It refers to the ability to organize the perception and classification of experiences by the construction of functionally relevant categories.

Answer 11

Concept Formation or Category Formation

Question 12

It is everywhere such as voluntary behavior implicitly or explicitly requires judgment and choice.

Answer 12

Judgment and Decision

Question 13

It is the process by which logical arguments are evaluated or constructed.

Answer 13

Reasoning

Question 14

It is the study of how humans pursue goal directed behavior.

Answer 14

Problem Solving

Question 15

It focusses on the formal structures of languages and language use.

Answer 15

Language Processing

Question 16

He emphasized that the structure of language was too complex to be explained in behaviorist terms.

Answer 16

Noam Chomsky

Question 17

He argued that humans have an inborn ability to master all the complicated and varied aspects of language.

Answer 17

Noam Chomsky

Question 18

It is also known as Modal Model.

Answer 18

Atikinson-Shriffrin Theory

Question 19

It was proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin.

Answer 19

Atikinson-Shriffrin Theory

Question 20

It is a theory that memory can be understood as a sequence of discrete steps, in which information is transferred from one storage area to another.

Answer 20

Atikinson-Shriffrin Theory

Question 21

It is a storage system that records information from each of the senses with reasonable accuracy.

Answer 21

Sensory Memory

Question 22

It is where memory stored for 2 seconds or less, and then most of it is forgotten.

Answer 22

Sensory Memory

Question 23

It is a visual sensory memory.

Answer 23

Iconic Memory

Question 24

It is an auditory sensory memory.

Answer 24

Echoic Memory

Question 25

It is also known as working memory.

Answer 25

Short-term Memory

Question 26

It contains only the small amount of information that we are actively using. It is fragile but not as fragile as those in sensory memory.

Answer 26

Short-term Memory

Question 27

It is memories that can be lost within about 30 seconds unless they are somehow repeated.

Answer 27

Short-term Memory

Question 28

It has enormous capacity since it contains memories that are decade old. It is relatively permanent and not likely to be lost.

Answer 28

Long-term Memory

Question 29

It involves trying to understand human cognition by using behavioral evidence.

Answer 29

Experimental Cognitive Psychology

Question 30

It involves evidence from behavior and from the brain to understand human cognition.

Answer 30

Cognitive Neuroscience

Question 31

It involves studying brain-damaged patients as a way of understanding normal human cognition.

Answer 31

Cognitive Neuropsychology

Question 32

It involves developing computational models to further our understanding of human cognition.

Answer 32

Computational Cognitive Science

Question 33

We can explore how co-variations and interactions in the environment such as impoverished environment adversely affect someone whose genes otherwise might have led to success in a variety of tasks.

Answer 33

Nature versus Nurture

Question 34

We can combine theory with empirical methods to learn the most we can about cognitive phenomena.

Answer 34

Rationalism versus Empiricism

Question 35

We can explore how mental processes operate on mental structures.

Answer 35

Structures versus Processes

Question 36

We can explore which processes might be domain-general and which might be domain-specific.

Answer 36

Domain Generality versus Domain Specificity

Question 37

We can combine a variety of methods, including laboratory methods and more naturalistic ones, to converge on findings that hold up, regardless of the method of study.

Answer 37

Validity of Causal Inferences versus Ecological Validity

Question 38

We can combine the two kinds of research dialectically so that basic research leads to applied research, which leads to further basic research, and so on.

Answer 38

Applied versus Basic Research

Question 39

We can try to synthesize biological and behavioral methods so that we understand cognitive phenomena at multiple levels of analysis.

Answer 39

Biological versus Behavioral Methods