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Module 1 Flashcards

106 Skin (100 cards)

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1
Q

which system of the body is made up of the skin,hair, nails, and glands?

A

Integumentary system

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2
Q

a reflex is defined as a:

A

reaction to a sensation

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3
Q

what is the technical name of the study of skin, including its structure, function, diseases and treatments?

A

Dermatology

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4
Q

The skin is comprised of three main layers that include the epidermis, dermis, and:

A

Subcutaneous

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5
Q

The epidermis is primarily composed of:

A

Keratinocytes

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6
Q

where does mitosis or cell division of the skin take place

A

Stratum basale

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7
Q

The stratum spinosum is often called the:

A

Prickle layer

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8
Q

The layer of the skin in which the cells are more regularly shaped and resemble many tiny granules is the:

A

Stratum granulosum

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9
Q

the stratum lucidum layer is found only on the:

A

soles of the feet and palms of hand

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10
Q

the layer of the epidermis that is shed and replaced continually is the:

A

stratum corneum

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11
Q

the deterioration of collagen and elastin fibers during the aging process causes:

A

wrinkles

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12
Q

eccrine glands are most abundant in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A

underarm area

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13
Q

which glands are sac-like and attached to the hair follicle

A

sebaceous glands

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14
Q

which layer of the skin lies in the upper layer of the dermis and is rich in blood vessels and cappilaries

A

Papillary layer

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15
Q

what is formed when sebum produced by the glands mixes with the body’s perspiration?

A

Acid mantle

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16
Q

tiny openings that allow sweat or sebum to pass through the surface of the skin are called:

A

pores

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17
Q

which layer of the skin acts as a protective cushion to protect the bones and gives the body its contour and shape?

A

Subcutaneous layer

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18
Q

what is the pocket-like structure that holds the root and matrix of the nail?

A

mantle

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19
Q

what is the second layer of the three main layers of the skin?

A

dermis

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20
Q

mitosis (cell division) takes places in the granulosom layer

A

false

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21
Q

when a client senses pressure and vibration during a salon/spa treatment, which of the following mechanoreceptors is responsible?

A

merkel cells

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22
Q

all of the following examples are possible mechanical exfoliation methods except:

A

enzymes

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23
Q

during what stage of wound healing does epithelization (cell renewal) begin?

A

proliferation

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24
Q

the two glandsrelated to excretion process are apocrine and:

A

eccrine

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25
what can an esthetician use to increase microcirculation in the skin?
electric mask
26
what does the body need in order to produce vitamin D
sunlight
27
Mary has a client with heart problems. How should she proceed?
use caution with massage pressure and extreme temperature changes
28
in the skin, the thicker the stratum corneum, the faster the rate of penetration
false
29
smoking and alcohol are examples of what type of aging?
extrinsic aging
30
the 5 steps that are recommended daily to ensure healthy skin are cleanse, tone, treat, moisturize, and:
protect
31
which of the following steps would occur first when performing a daily skin care regimen?
remove makeup
32
toning the skin should be performed:
twice daily
33
a clay mask is beneficial for which skin condition?
oily, acne prone skin
34
all of the following are primary ways that products are adsorbed into the skin EXCEPT:
through the arrector pili muscle
35
what are the two layers of the skin's permeability barrier?
acid mantle and stratum corneum
36
the removal of dead skin to stimulate new cell growth is known as
exfoliation
37
which of the following is the number one factor in extrinsic aging
amount of sun exposure
38
which extrinsic factor causes damage to the skin by inducing oxidative stress that results in free radical damage?
pollutants
39
which of the following imbalance effects on the skin is caused by testosterone?
increased facial hair
40
which of the following is NOT a lifestyle factor that may affect the skin?
hormones
41
all of the following are biological effects of poor sleep EXCEPT:
decreased skin discoloration
42
large swings in humidity levels affect the amount of water loss in stratum
corneum
43
a benign growth that is small skin colored or brown-pigmented spot that may be raised and its symmetrical is known as an acquired nevus or:
Milia
44
a congenital failure of the skin to form melanin pigment is:
albinism
45
a condition in which a person compulsively picks and squeezes at their acne lesions, causing scabs and scars, is known as
acne excoride
46
an open follicle with a black surface plug that has been oxidized is called as:
blackhead
47
an open comedo is the technical name for:
blackhead
48
which of the following is a harmless sebaceous cyst
steatoma
49
an important component of skin is a protein substance called:
keratin
50
which secondary lesion is a dried mass that is the remains of an oozing sore?
crust
51
which of the following terms is another name for a keratoma?
callus
52
a linear split/line in the epidermis or dermis that often occurs when skin loses its flexibility due to exposure to wind, cold and water is a:
fissure
53
what is actinic keratosis
pre-malignant growth
54
small dark bumps that usually appear on the face and neck and tend to affect people with darker skin is known as:
dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN)
55
the term used to describe any hyperpigmentation caused by overactivity of the melanocytes in the epidermis is called:
Albinism
56
which of the following epidermal layers haver intercellular connections that provide strength and support between cells?
stratum spinosum
57
fingerprints are formed by:
epidermal ridges
58
a flat discoloration appearing on the skin's surface less than 1 cm (about 1/2 inch) with no change in texture to the skin is called:
macule
59
when the formation of the epidermal cells is rapid or the normal process of keratinization is altered, abnormal exfoliation of the epidermis occurs. what secondary skin lesion is a result?
scales
60
yellow flat papules or plaques commonly found around the eyes and on the eyelids caused by abnormal lipid accumulation in the macrophage cells is known as:
xanthoma
61
susan is a client who needs to use a moisturizer to help hydrate and smooth her skin. When should she apply the moisturizer during her daily skin care regimen?
after toner and serum
62
how long before sun exposure should sunscreen be applied?
15 mins before
63
high altitude requires lower level of SPF protection daily
false
64
primary skin lesions are changes in the structure of the skin during:
the early stages of development
65
what is a small elevation of the skin, usually inflammatory, that does not contain pus?
papule
66
a client has vesicles around her chin area. what should you do?
avoid treatment
67
which layer of the skin gives skin its elastic quality?
dermis layer
68
all of the following structures and appendages make up the dermis EXCEPT:
connective tissue
69
when we measure the pH of the skin, we are actually measuring the pH of the:
acid mantle
70
under normal circumstances it takes how long for a fingernail to replace itself
4 to 6 months
71
which touch receptors are responsible for sensations of pressure, vibrations, movement and texture?
mechanoreceptors
72
what is the term that refers to factors that are influenced by genetics and hormones
intrinsic aging
73
adipose tissue in the subcutaneous layer insulates the body, which is known as:
thermoregulation
74
which of the following skin functions is referred to as detoxification?
excretion
75
the outermost layer of the skin is known as the:
epidermal layer
76
smoking is known to cause:
increased wrinkling
77
there are no blood vessels in which of the following skin layer?
epidermis layer
78
antigens provoke a:
immune response
79
andrew is having his son's fingerprints recorded today as a tool to be used if his son is ever lost. fingerprints are made possible by which layer of the skin?
stratum lucidum
80
all of the following conditions show signs of sleep deprivation except:
increased cell renewal and repair
81
the vitamin that protects against UV damage and slows signs of aging is:
vitamin A
82
Caitlyn is a client that has small elevations of skin similar to vesicles in size and shape contain pus. which of the following primary lesions describes Caitlyn's conditions?
pustules
83
the first stage of wound healing is:
hemostasis
84
all of the following statements are true about melanocytes EXCEPT:
originate from bone marrow
85
eighty percent of facial aging is causes by cumulative UV exposure referred to as:
photo aging
86
which of the followoing terms is the first line of defense in the skin's barrier?
acid mantke
87
the chemical conversion of living cells into dead protein is known as:
keratinization's
88
which is the following terms being an example of thermoregulation
vasoconstriction
89
the skin's natural shedding of the stratum corneum (horny layer) is:
desquamation
90
what is the term that describes the absorption process that allows some molecules to pass through the skin?
transdermal penetration
91
all of the following factors affect skin absorption EXCEPT:
conditions of thermoreceptors
92
all of the following statements about verruca are true EXCEPT:
thickening of the dermis
93
an infection in the hair follicles caused by bacteria, shaving or clothing irritation is known as:
folliculitis
94
what common skin cancer tends to appear translucent, have irregular borders and tiny blood vessels running through it?
basal cell carcinoma
95
what is the technical term for a lack of pigmentation of the skin caused by decrease in activity of melanocytes?
leukoderma
96
white, enclosed keratin-filled cysts which form a hard ball beneath the outer layer of the skin is known as:
milia
97
persons exposed to excessive heat may develop small red vesicles with burning and itching of the skin called prickly heat or:
miliaria rubra
98
what vascular disorder appears as thread-like, red lines or patterns on the skin cause by widened blood vessels?
telangiectasia
99
which of the following types of acne is mild and consists of open and closed comedones scattered over less than half of the areas of the face and back?
grade 1
100
a common, harmless skin condition that causes dres, rough patches and tiny bumps on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks or buttocks is called:
keratosis pilaries

Spa Tech module 1 (1 decks)

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