MODULE 1 Flashcards
(49 cards)
German zoologist __________ coined “oekologie”
Ernst Haeckel
WHAT ARE THE 8 PRINCIPLES OF ECOLOGY?
- Ecology and the Abiotic Environment
- Ecological interactions among species (Biotic relationships)
- Ecology of individual organisms
- Ecology of populations
- Ecology of communities
- Ecology of ecosystems
- Biomes
- Biosphere
“oekologie” MEANS
“relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment.”
the term ecology is from Greek word “oikos” which means
“household,” “home,” or “place to live.”
system that includes all organisms (biotic) and the abiotic (nonliving) environment in an area, functioning together as a unit
- the structural and functional unit of ecology (nature) encompassing
complex interaction between its biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components
EARTH’S ECOSYSTEMS
WHAT ARE THE 5 CLIMATIC FACTORS IN ABIOTIC
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE
RAINFALL
HUMIDITY
ATMOSPHERIC GASES
Moisture present in the form of invisible vapor in the atmosphere
HUMIDITY
one of the most important climatic factors is a source of
energy for living organisms. Sun is the biggest source of
energy on earth and constantly gives heat energy in form of
solar radiations.
LIGHT
effect of temperature on morphology of
animal’s body
BERGMAN’S RULE
sun loving plants
HELIOPHYTES
one of the major events of water cycle on earth most important source of soil water
RAINFALL
another very important climatic factor affecting reproduction,
metabolism, growth and development of organisms
TEMPERATURE
- amount of moisture which air can hold at
saturation at the existing temperature
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
moving air which affects lives of plants on mountains,
plains and coastal regions as well as causes changes in
various physical, anatomical and physiological processes of plants. Mechanical damage and uprooting of plants are one
of the important physical effects of high velocity wind on
plants.
WIND
a type of wind injury where there is flattening of
herbaceous plants and grasses against the ground
LODGING
mostly caused by anthropogenic activities particularly in forests and changes soil fertility, litter & humus contents, pH, micro-flora & fauna, nutrient cycle.
FIRE
physical geography of any area which includes mountains, hillocks, valleys, slopes and any other surface irregularity of
earth
- factors may sometimes create specific microclimates
peculiar of any region
TOPOGRAPHIC FACTORS
an important factor in
determining climate; determines direction of wind flow and also affects humidity and rainfall.
HEIGHT & DIRECTION OF MOUNTAINS
steepness of mountain slope is responsible for
difference in amount of solar radiation received and changes in soil characteristics
SLOPE
includes quality and texture of soil which affects life of plants in
many ways
EDAPHIC FACTORS
provides nutrients, water, a home, and a structural growing medium for organisms. Vegetation found growing on top of a soil is closely linked to the overall health of the
ecosystem
SOIL
Soil is made up of four major components besides others.
These are:
mineral matter, organic matter, soil water and soil air
process of degradation of dead parts of plants
and animals and their conversion into humus
HUMIFICATION
total amount of water available in soil
HOLARD
