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Chem (MLT) > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Quantitative unit of measure

A

Physical quantity or dimension, such as mass, length, time, or volume

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2
Q

Specifications for AR chemicals established by

A

American Committee Society (ACS)

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3
Q

Methods of water purification

A

Prefiltration
Distillation
Deionization
Reverse osmosis
Ultrafiltration and nano filtration

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4
Q

Primary standard

A

Highly purified chemical that can be measured directly to produce a substance if exact known concentration and purity
(Certified by ACS)

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5
Q

Who lists and controls categories of water?

A

Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)

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6
Q

Basic parameters

A

Microbiologic count, pH, resistivity, silicate, particulate matter, organics

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7
Q

Solute

A

A substance dissolved in a liquid

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8
Q

Analytes

A

Biologic solutes

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9
Q

Solvent

A

Liquid in which solute is dissolved

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10
Q

Solution

A

Solute plus solvent

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11
Q

Concentration can be expressed as

A

Percent solution, molarity, molality, normality, moles

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12
Q

Percent solution

A

Amount of solute per 100 total units of solution
(w/w, v/v, w/v)

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13
Q

Normality

A

Number of gram equivalent weights per 1 L of solution

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14
Q

Colligative properties

A

Osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point, boiling point

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15
Q

Redox potential

A

Measure of ability of solution to accept or donate electrons

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16
Q

Conductivity

A

Measure of how well electricity passes through a solution

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17
Q

pH

A

Inverse log of hydrogen ion concentration

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18
Q

Buffers

A

Weak acids or bases and their related salts that minimize changes in hydrogen ion concentration

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19
Q

Laboratory vessels

A

Flasks, beakers, graduated cylinders

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20
Q

Pipettes

A

Glass or plastic utensils used to transfer liquids

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21
Q

Burettes

A

Look like wide, long, graduated pipettes with stopcock at one end

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22
Q

Syringes

A

Sometimes used for transfer of small.voluked in blood has analysis or in separation techniques

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23
Q

Beakers

A

Straight-sided jar, wide mouth w/ pouring spout, volume in mL
Mixing liquids, holding liquids, estimating volume

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24
Q

Erlenmeyer flask

A

Flat bottom with sloping sides, narrow neck that can be stoppered, mL
Holding liquids, mixing solutions, measuring noncritical volumes

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25
Volumetric flask
Bulbous bottom, narrow neck; single, calibrated volume marker Measuring critical volumes, preparing solutions
26
Graduated cylinder
Upright, straight sided tube, flared base, volume gradations Measure noncritical volumes
27
Test tubes
Straight sided tubes, glass or plastic, may have caps, may have conical bottom Contain liquid samples, contain chemical reactions
28
Glassware made of
Pyrex or kimax heat-resistance glass
29
Desiccator
A closed, airtight chamber
30
Desiccant
Drying agent that removes moisture from air and other substances
31
Balances classified by
Design, number of pans (single or double), mechanical versus electronic
32
Balance operating range
Precision, analytic, microbalance
33
Centrifugation
Process in which centrifugal force is used to separate solid matter from a liquid suspension
34
Centrifuge parts
Head or rotor Carriers or shields attached to vertical shaft of motor Metal enclosure
35
Force depends on
Mass, speed, radius
36
Centrifuged classified according to:
Bench top versus floor Refrigeration Rotor head type (fixed, hematocrit, swinging bucket, angled) Maximum speed attainable
37
Centrifuge applications
Separating serum or plasma from blood cells Separating supernatant from a precipitate in analytic reaction Separating two immiscible liquids or expelling air
38
RPM
Revolutions per minute
39
RCF
Relative centrifugal force
40
RCF calculation (G-force)
(1.12x10^-5)x radius x RPM^2
41
Centrifuge interferences
Time, temperature, braking
42
Parts of a pipette
Bore, bulb, delivery tip, stem, mouthpiece, delivery tube
43
Identifying information on a pipette
Total capacity Increments TD or TC Tolerance (transfer pipettes only) Double painted bands or frosted band
44
TD
To deliver or to dispense
45
TC
To contain
46
TC
To contain
47
Volumetric pipettes
Transfer (single) Critical volume, non-viscous No blow out
48
Non-viscous
Serum, urine, most chemical solutions
49
Viscous
Whole blood Synovial
50
Ostwald-folin pipette
Transfer (single) Critical volume, viscous, blow out
51
Mohr pipette
Measuring (multiple) Noncritical Not calibrated to tip, no blow out
52
Serological pipette
Measuring (multiple volumes) Noncritical Calibrated to tip, blow out remaining liquid
53
Blow out indicated by
Double painted rings or etched rings at the mouthpiece
54
Selecting a pipette
Type of liquid Importance of measurement Volume needed Max pipette volume (no greater than 10x the volume) Clean and no cracks
55
Why prewet?
Pipettes are calibrated to deliver the marked capacity after they have been wetted down
56
Micropipettes
Transfer volumes less than or equal to 1 mL Semiautomatic with disposable tips May have adjustable volume capability
57
Types of micropipettes
Air displacement Positive displacement
58
Air displacement micropipettes
Plunger, tip eject button, volume, shaft, removable plastic tip
59
Holding pipette
Straight up and down
60
Filtration
Solution (filtrate) drains through filter into receiving vessel
61
Dialysis
Solution placed in bag or on one side of semipermeable membrane Larger molecules remain in bag or on one side of membrane; smaller molecules and solvents are diffused out
62
Dialysis
Solution placed in bag or on one side of semipermeable membrane Larger molecules remain in bag or on one side of membrane; smaller molecules and solvents are diffused out
63
Beer's law
Concentration of Standard (Cs)/Absorbance of standard (As) = Concentration of unknown (Cu)/Absorbance of unknown (Au)
64
Dilution
A diluent to weaken original sample
65
Dilution formula
Volume of sample one/total volume = volume of sample 2/total volume
66
Temperature formula
F=1.8C+32
67
Titer
Smallest amount or concentration that will produce a reaction Whole number
68
Working solution
Working solutions are made by diluting stock (concentrated) solutions
69
Kelvin calculation
C+273

Chem (MLT) (1 decks)

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