MODULE 1 Flashcards
CHAPTER 1 & 2 (73 cards)
discussed that “the characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor, new migratory movements from South to North, the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and the internationalizing of the state…making states into agencies of the globalizing world” (as cited in Aldama, 2018).
Robert Cox
is a global movement towards integration of the economy, finance, commerce, and communications opening up local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader view of an interconnected world with free transfers of capital, goods, and services across national borders” (Lobo, Ambida, Maliban and Mesinas, 2019, p. 1).
Globalization
defined globalization as “world compression and global awareness intensification” (Lobo, 2018, p. 2)
Robertson
defined globalization as a so-called transplanetary process containing increasing liquidity and the growing flows of people, objects, places, information and structures encountered and create barriers to those flows (as cited in Aldama, 2018, p. 1).
Ritzer
briefly described globalization as “colonization” (as cited in Aldama, 2018)
Martin Khor
“expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space” (as cited in Claudio and Abinales, 2018).
Manfred Steger
Nature of globalization
- Liberalization
- Free Trade
- Globalization of economic activity
- Liberalization of Import/Export System
- Privatization
- Increased Collaborations
- Economic Reforms
are obstacles that prevent movement of things e.g. landforms, bodies of water.
Solidity
growing ease of movement of people, things, and information e.g. stock market
Liquidity
movement of people, things, and information brought by penetrability of global
limitations e.g. foods introduced by foreign cultures (Aldama, 2018)
Flows
Advantages of globalization
(1) Peaceful relations;
(2) Employment;
(3) Education;
(4) Product Quality;
(5) Cheaper Prices;
(6) Communication;
(7) Transportation;
(8) GDP Increase;
(9) Free Trade;
(10) Travel and Tourism; and
(11) External Borrowing.
Disadvantages of Globalization
(1) Health Issues;
(2) Loss of Culture;
(3) Uneven Wealth Distribution;
(4) Environment Degradation;
(5) Disparity;
(6) Conflicts; and
(7) Cut-throat Competition (Tomas, 2015).
interconnection of world’s financial systems e.g. stock markets;
Financial globalization
worldwide economic system that permits easy movement of
goods, production, capital, and resources (free trade) e. g. NAFTA, EU, MNCs;
Economic globalization
connection between nations through technology e.g. internet;
Technological globalization
countries attempting to adopt similar political policies and styles of government to facilitate other forms of globalization e.g. move to secular governments
Political globalization
merging of world’s cultures e.g. food, entertainment, and language;
Cultural globalization
growing belief that we are all global citizens and should be held to the same standards and same rights e.g. growing international ideas that capital
punishment is immoral and that all women should have the same rights as men
Sociological globalization
seeing Earth as a single ecosystem where problems are global in nature e.g. international environmental treaties like biodiversity or climate change
Ecological globalization
sees globalization as driven by the market and connectivity across the globe come from human drives for material well-being and exercise of basic freedoms and rights
Liberalism
interested in questions of state power, national interest, and conflict between states. This is characterized by a strong state or ‘hegemon’ state keeping international rules and institutions that often cater to its own interests. Globalization has
been a stratagem in the contest for power between major states in contemporary world politics often focused on activities of China, Great Britain, France, Japan and USA. Political realists emphasize issues of power struggles, and role of states to bring about global relations
Political Realism
places attention on masculinity and femininity with social order being influenced by biological sex where women are oppressed and violated over the course of history
Feminism
concerned with forms of production, social exploitation through unjust distribution of wealth, and social deliverance by going beyond capitalism. To Marxists, on happens due to trans-world connectivity increases opportunities of profitmaking and surplus accumulation. Class is a key bloc of power in globalization;
Marxism
way people have constructed the social world with language, symbols, images, and interpretation from forms of consciousness by focusing on how social actors ‘construct’ their world in their own minds and by conversing with others like dialogue and symbolic exchanges but it neglects structural inequalities and power hierarchies in social relations;
Constructivism
