Module 1 Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
Psychology
A
study of individual understanding and behavior
2
Q
Health
A
complete physical, mental, and social well-being
3
Q
Health Psychology
A
psychological research applied to health enhancement
4
Q
Health Psychologist topics
A
study habits
coping
communication
interventions
5
Q
health continuum
A
health exists on spectrum
6
Q
Primary Prevention
A
general knowledge spread to everyone
7
Q
Secondary prevention
A
targeted at-risk individuals for health issues
8
Q
Tertiary Prevention
A
focus on prevention disease from worsening in patients
9
Q
Biopsychosocial Model
A
Interconnected influences of biology, psychology, and society
10
Q
Biomedical Model
A
Mind and body are 2 separate entities
11
Q
qualitative methods
A
naturalistic observation and descriptive behavior measurement
12
Q
Qualitative strengths
A
exploration, flexibility, and ecological validity
13
Q
qualitative weaknesses
A
lacks control, subjective, and low generalization
14
Q
Survey Methods
A
self-reported data
15
Q
Survey Strengths
A
predictive, easy to administer, large samples
15
Q
A
16
Q
Survey Weaknesses
A
third variable issues and biased responses
17
Q
Developmental methods
A
Longitudinal or cross-sectional studies
18
Q
Developmental strengths
A
captures short/long term developmental effects
19
Q
Developmental weaknesses
A
cohort effect and participant attrition
20
Q
Experimental methods
A
manipulate variable to determine causality
21
Q
Experimental strengths
A
control groups establish causal relationships
22
Q
experimental weaknesses
A
low generalization and artificial settings
23
Q
Quasi-experiments
A
compare existing groups
24
epidemiological methods
study patterns, causes, and effects of health
25
morbidity
illness or disease prevalence in a population
26
Mortatlity
death rate within a population
27
incidence
number of new cases in a time frame
28
prevalence
percentage of the population affected with a condition
29
prospective study
observational study tracking outcomes over time
30
natural experiment
observational studies without controlled variables
31
randomized control trials
experiments with random assignment to treatment groups
32
causality
relationship where one event causes another
33
placebo group
control group receiving inactive treatment
34
double blind study
neither participants nor researchers know treatment
35
internal validity
degrees to which study accurately measures cause
36
external validity
generalizability of study findings to real-world
37
health behavior theories
framework predicting health-related actions and changes
38
continuum models
theories predicting behavior along a continuous scales
39
stage model
theories describing behavior change in distinct stages
40
health belief model
predicts behavior based on perceived health risks
41
self-efficacy
confidence on one's ability to perform actions
42
social cognitive theories
focus on learning through observation and modeling
43
behavioral intention
motivation to engage in a specific behavior
44
classical conditioning
learning through association of stimuli
45
operant conditioning
learning through rewards and punishments
46
observational learning
learning by watching other's behaviors and outcomes
47
transtheoretical model
stages of change framework for behavior modification
48
precaution adoption process model
stages leading to behavior change regarding risks
49
health action process approach
focuses on motivation and planning for behavior change
50
self positivity bias
belief that one is less at risk than others
51
illusion of invulnerability
false belief that ones immune to risks
52
threat discounting
avoiding or dismissing threatening health information
53
confirmation bias
favoring information. that aligns with what you already believe
54
self affirmation
reinforcing self-worth to process health information
55
stress
lack of resources to manage life events
56
person environment fit
alignment between individual and environmental demands
57
common stress sources
life events like divorce, illness, or job loss
58
daily hassles
routine stressors affecting daily life
59
objective stress
actual stress
60
Perceived stress
individual interpretation of stress
61
fight or flight response
physiological reaction to perceived threats
62
general adaptation syndrome
3 phase response to prolonged stress exposure
63
stress measurement
using self reports, behaviors, and physiological responses
64
chronic stress consequences
increased risk of physical and mental health issues
65
coping strategies
methods to manage stress and its demands
66
problem focuses coping
addressing solvable problems to reduce stress
67
emotion focused coping
managing emotional responses to stressors
68
cognitive reframing
changing perspective to reduce stress impact
69
avoidance based coping
denial or suppression of stress related emotions
70
controllability in stress
influence of control over stress management effectiveness
71
social support
emotional and practical assistance from others
72
personality
stable patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior
73
Big 5 of personality traits
Openess, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
74
health related personality factors
traits like optimism linked to better health
75
internal locus of control
belief in personal control over life events
76
hardiness
resilience in facing life's challenges
77
extraversion
enjoyment of social attention and interaction
78
conscientiousness
meticulousness and reliability in behavior
79
neuroticism
tendency towards emotional instability and anxiety
80
Type A behavior
personality characterized by competitiveness and urgency
81
hostility
aggressive attitude leading to interpersonal conflict
82
health habits
lifestyle choices affecting overall health treatment adherence
83
physiological reactions
body's respinse to psychological stressors
84
marshmallow test
measures self-control and predicts health outcomes
85
self-control
ability to regulated impulses and delay gratification
86
self-concept
mental representation of one's beliefs and feelings
87
self-awareness
recognition of one's own emotions and thoughts
88
self-complexity
diversity of self-concepts across different contexts
89
perceived social support
subjective assessment of available social resources
90
objective social support
actual supportive behaviors received from others
91
matching hypothesis
optimal support type depends on situational context
92
social network features
characteristics like density, durability, and reciprocity
93
loneliness
perceived social isolation or unmet social needs
94
chronic loneliness prevalence
15-30% of people experience chronic loneliness
95
Hawkley & Cacioppo's Model
explains loneliness through hyper-vigilance and prophecies
96
pet ownership benefits
provides emotional support and companionship
97
complement hypothesis
pets enhance, but do not replace human relationships
98
parasocial relationships
one-sided emotional connections with media figures
99
positive outcomes of parasocial relationships
fosters social support and emotional regulation
100
negative outcomes of parasocial relationships
can lead to increased feelings of isolation
101
social support types
emotional
instrumental
informational
validational
102
buffering hypothesis
social support mitigates negative stress effects
103
direct effects hypothesis
social support benefits health regardless of stress level
