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Anaesthesia > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is consider an anesthesiologists job

A

Perioperative physicians, this means that they are involved in the care of patients pre, intra and postoperatively and are involved in pain management

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2
Q

What are the components of the anaesteria triad

A
  1. Analgesia
  2. Immobility
  3. Hypnosis
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3
Q

What are the minimum requirements for anesthesia

A

Surgical field immobility and good analgesia

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4
Q

How are adults induced

A

Using IV induction agents

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5
Q

What is a good description of anaestesia

A

A drug induced reversable coma

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6
Q

What is the first step in preoperative care of a patient

A

To identify the patient and take a history of the patient

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7
Q

How do patients emerge from anesthesia

A

They emerge by the discontinuation of anaesthesia drugs and the dissociation of the drugs from the brain

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8
Q

What are the main areas of focus in the preoperative assessment

A

Resp
Cardio
Airways

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9
Q

What are the 6 classes in the ASA class grading

A

1: Healthy patient
2: Patient has a comorbidity but it is well controlled
3: A comorbidity that is not well controlled
4: A disease that is a constant threat to life e.g. unstable angina
5: Patient in iminate death e.g. ruptured aneurysm
6: Brain dead organ donor patients

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10
Q

What is the ASA class a predictor of

A

The postoperative mortality

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11
Q

What is the time needed to pass food and fluids

A

Clear fluid: 2hours
Breast milk: 4
Solids: 6

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12
Q

What is meant by regional or local anaestetics

A

This is where a part of the body is rendered insensitive to pain, sensation and in some cases movement by blocking nerves with a local anaesetic agent

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13
Q

What is meant by hypnosis

A

This is loss of consiosness

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14
Q

What is the problem with pain in surgery

A

The sensation of pain activates the sympathetic NS

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15
Q

What is the problem with too deep or too light of anaesthesia

A

To light and the patient can become aware and too deep and you worsen the side effects of anaesthetic drugs

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16
Q

What are the 4 stages of general anesthesia (Guedel)

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A

Stage 1: Analgesia
Stage 2: Excitement phase: This is where there is paradoxical excitation as a result of a loss of inhibition
Stage 3: Surgical anaesthesia: Normal area where we operate
Stage 4: Overdose: Diaphragm paralysis and a loss of all the reflexes

17
Q

In which agents are all 4 the stages not seen

Study These Flashcards
A

In rapidly acting IV agents

18
Q

What are the 3 places patients go post op

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Majority will go the recovery and then be moved to ward
  2. Some may be discharged home
  3. Severe patients are moved to the ICU or post anaesthesia high care for special management
19
Q

What are the 3 main preoperative assessments that need to be done

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A
  1. Medico legal consent
  2. History
  3. Examinations
20
Q

What are the 2 main aims of the preoperative assessments

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Formulate an anaesthetic plan
  2. Identify areas for optimisation
21
Q

What are the 7 important questions in an anaesthetic history

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A
  1. Current problem
  2. Co morbidities
  3. Medication History
  4. Previous anaestetic
  5. Relevant family history
  6. Systemic review
  7. Last oral intake
22
Q

What are the 6 factors that increase the risk of aspiration

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A
  1. Full stomach
  2. Preganancy
  3. Increased intra-abdominal pressure
  4. Gastric pathologies e.g. peptic ulcers
  5. Renal failure
  6. Autonomic neuropathies e.g. diabetics
23
Q

What are the 3 systems that should be investigated when preoperative exams are done

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A
  1. Resp
  2. Cardio
  3. Airway
24
Q

What are the 6 questions that should be asked on a patient history

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A
  1. History of the current problem
  2. Co morbidieties
  3. Allergies
  4. Previous anastesia
  5. Smoking
  6. NPO
25
What is the risk of postoperative death in each ASA class
1: 0.06-0.08 2: 0.27-0.4 3: 1.8-4.3 4: 7.8-23 5: 9.4-51
26
What is meant by optimisation
This aims to identify and correct any medical problems before surgeries to improve the outcomes
27
What are the colours of the triage system
Red: Immediate Orange: 1-3 hours Yellow: In the next 6 hours Green: 24hours Blue: Elective
28
When should smoking be stopped
Ideally 8 weeks before surgery but if not feasible then there should be no smoking on the day of the surgery to help remove the nicotine
29
What are the 3 main anti emetics given premedications [Prevent Da barf]
1. Phenothiazine 2. Dexamethozone 3. Butyrophenones
30
What are the main drugs that are given as acid aspiration prophylaxis
Sodum citrate PPI Metroclopramide
31
What are the 2 ways of testing the depth of the anaesthesia
1. Somatic response: wrinkling the forhead, irregular breathing 2. Sympathetic responses
32
What are the 2 most important reflexes to block
1. Glottic reflex: This allows for the intubation of the patient 2. Medullary control of respiration: This allows us to control ventilation
33
What are the components of the immediate control of an unconscious patient
ABCD A: Airway B: Breathing C: Circulation D: Drugs Glucoses in unconscious patients is also very important
34
What are the 3 criteria that must be met for a patient to be moved from theatre to the recovery area
1. Airway can be maintained 2. Ventilation is adequate 3. Cardiovascularly stable
35
What are the 5 factors that indicate that a patient can leave recovery
1. Activity 2. Respiration 3. Circulation 4. Consciousness 5. Colour/O2
36
Above what must the score be for them to be discharges from the recovery area
9
37
What is the scoring system for each of the 5 criteria for discharge from the recovery area
Activity 2: Moves all 4 limbs 1: Moves only 2 limbs 0: Moves no limbs Resp. 2: Deep breaths and coughs 1: Limited 0: Apneoic Circulation 2: Less than 20mm of the normal 1: Less than 50mm of normal 0: more than 50 Conseousness 2: Awake 1: Arousable 0: Not responding O2 2: Above 90 1: Above 90 on supplimentation 0: Less than 90
38
What are the 5 criteria for home discharge
1. Mental state 2. Pain and PONV 3. Bleeding 4: Vitals 5: Input and output

Anaesthesia (13 decks)

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