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Anatomy And Physiology > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the structure and design of living things, from the whole organism down to the cell level.

Anatomy includes understanding how damage to structures affects bodily functions.

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2
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of living things.

Understanding function, especially abnormal function, is essential for the practice of embalming.

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3
Q

What is a cell?

A

The basic structural and functional unit of most living organisms, often called the building block of life.

A cell is composed of a nucleus and protoplasm filled with organelles surrounded by a membrane.

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4
Q

What are proteins?

A

One of four major classes of molecules found in the body and a major target of embalming chemicals.

Proteins play crucial roles in bodily functions.

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5
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Specialized protein molecules found in cells that facilitate most biochemical reactions in the body.

Enzymes can contribute to decomposition after death, making them important targets for embalming chemicals.

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6
Q

What is tissue?

A

Cells of similar origin organized into groups to carry out specific functions.

For example, muscle cells form muscle tissue.

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7
Q

What is an organ?

A

Tissues of different kinds organized into structures to perform specific functions.

The heart is an example of an organ that contains muscle, connective tissue, and epithelial cells.

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8
Q

What is an organ system?

A

Groups of organs that work together to perform a larger, more complex function.

The circulatory system is an example, comprising the heart, blood, and blood vessels.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The __________ is the basic structural and functional unit of most living organisms.

A

cell

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10
Q

True or False: Physiology only studies the structure of living things.

A

False

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11
Q

What is the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

A

Anatomy studies the structure while physiology studies the functions of those structures.

Understanding both is crucial for the practice of embalming.

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12
Q

What are the four major classes of molecules found in the body?

A
  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Nucleic Acids

Each class plays a unique role in biological functions.

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13
Q

What are the seven natural anatomical divisions of the body?

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Trunk
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis
  • Upper Extremities
  • Lower Extremities

The trunk contains three divisions: thorax, abdomen, and pelvis.

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14
Q

What major cavity is housed in the head?

A

Cranial cavity

The cranial cavity houses the brain or central nervous system.

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15
Q

What connects the head to the trunk?

A

Neck

The neck contains the spinal cord and tubes connecting to the digestive and respiratory systems.

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16
Q

What does the trunk contain?

A
  • Thorax
  • Abdomen
  • Pelvis

The trunk starts below the neck and continues to the start of the lower extremities.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ cavity is located in the pelvis.

A

Pelvic

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18
Q

True or False: The thoracic cavity is part of the trunk.

A

True

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19
Q

What major systems pass through the neck?

A
  • Spinal cord
  • Digestive system tubes
  • Respiratory system tubes

The neck serves as a passageway for several critical systems connecting the head and trunk.

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20
Q

This is the elongated, slender curved bone of the anterior shoulder known as collarbone.

A

Clavicle

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21
Q

It is found in the midline of the anterior chest wall. It is extends from the throat down to the upper abdominal area.

A

Sternum

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22
Q

Other terms for sternum ?

A

Breastbone

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23
Q

The body framework of the head composed of the head.

A

CRANIUM

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24
Q

Vertebrae are any of ________bones of the vertebral column.

A

33

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25
Cervical has ______ bones.
7
26
The THORACIC has ________ bones.
12
27
Lumbar has ______ bones
5
28
Sacral has _______ bones
5
29
Coccygeal vertebrae has ____ bones.
4
30
The shoulder blade provides for attachment of the clavicle (collar bone) and the humerus (upper arm bone). The blade portion extends downward over the dorsal surface of the cage.
Scapula
31
Provide rigid support and protection for vital organs.
Skeletal system
32
These are small masses of lymphoid tissue on their side of the pharynx.
Tonsils
33
The _________ lies at the top of the thorax, partly over the heart and the lungs. It is important in the newborn as it controls the development of the spleen and the lymph nodes.
Thymus
34
The shorter and the lateral of two bones of the forearm. It attaches on the thumb side of the wrist.
Radius
35
The medial and the longer bone of the forearm. It attaches the little finger side of the wrists.
Ulna
36
These are four glands that lie posterior to the thyroid and are important in the control of calcium metabolism.
Parathyroid Glands
37
__________Stimulate the immune system.
Thymus.
38
___________ influence the rate of body metabolism.
Thyroid gland
39
The __________ secretes insulin when carbohydrate. (sugar and starch) are being digested.
Pancreas
40
_____________ Paired female organs which produce female sex hormones and ova and eggs.
Ovary
41
This is a small gland on top of each kidney. It has an outer portion called the cortex and an inner medulla.
Adrenal or suprarenal Gland
42
It is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food and water and the elimination of solid waste.
Digestive system
43
This system along with the nervous system, is one the two major controls system in the body.
Endocrine System
44
It is regulate metabolism,growth,sexual development, and the immune response.
Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
45
Connects the CNS with the skin muscles. Oversees conscious activities like standing, walking and turning.
Somatic System
46
It is consist of nerves that arise from CNS and connect to other parts of the body. Sensory nerves send messenges to the brain and motor nerves carry responses to the brain.
Peripheral Nervous System
47
This is very large bundle of nerve fibers found with the vertebral column. It is major trunk line carrying information to and from the brain
Spinal cord
48
The ______ receives sensory information, processes it and sent out motor signal in response.
Brain
49
The brain and the spinal cord comprise the _________________.
Central Nervous System
50
It is provides many control functions of the body.
Nervous System
51
Nervous System divided into two parts :
Central Nervous System - CNS Peripheral Nervous System - PNS
52
Infuence the rate of body metabolism.
Thyroid gland
53
Secretes insulin when carbohydrate (sugar and strach) are being digested.
Pancreas
54
This is the smallest gland on top of each kidney. It has an outer portion called cortex and an inner medulla
Adrenal or supranenal gland
55
Paired male organs which produce male sex hormones and spermatozoa
Testes
56
An elongated glandular structure ling under the stomach. It produces digestive enzymes that enter the dudodenum.
Pancreas
57
It is comprised of the cecum, the colons (ascending, transverse, and descending colons) rectum and anal canal.
Large intestine
58
The distal portion of the intestines is about _______________.
1.5meters (5 ft long)
59
The basic function of the __________ is to take in air, extract oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Respiratory System
60
This air warmed to near body temperature as it passes through the nasal sinuses.
Nose
61
Area at the back of the throat that serves both the digestive and respiratory systems.
Pharynx
62
The widepipe is a membranous tube with cartilaginous rings to keep it open at all times.
Trachea
63
The _______ each enter a lung whre they divide and subdivide repeatedly into tubes.
Bronchi, bronchioles
64
Paired of organs of respiration in the thoracic cavity
Lungs
65
This is the muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. It is an accessory muscle respiration.
Diaphragm
66
System can filter blood to remove toxic waste resulting from cellular metabolism.
Excretory system
67
A pair of highly vascular, bean shaped organs found in the abdominal cavity in lower back region.
Kidney
68
Plays a vital role in maintaining mineral and acidity levels of the blood.
Kidneys
69
Tubular organs through which urine passes from the kidney to the bladder
Ureter
70
This is a muscular sac that serves as storage area for the urine.
Urinary Bladder
71
Males and females _______ system have different organs to fulfill their distinctive role.
Reproductive System
72
The passage through which urine is discharge from the bladder to the outside of the body.
Urethra
73
System that can be found in the pelvic cavity.
Female reproductive system
74
This pair of organs produces ova (eggs) and female hormones.
Ovaries
75
Fertilization usually takes place in the ___________
Oviducts or Fallopian Tubes
76
A hollow muscular organ. The fertilized egg embeds in the highly vascular uterine wall and forms placenta.
Uterus
77
The membranous passage from the uterus to the outside. Sperm are introduced here, menstruation and newborn infant passout.
Vagina

Anatomy And Physiology (1 decks)

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