Module 1 & 2

Question 1

Studies the structure of body parts and their relationship with each other

Answer 1

Anatomy

Question 2

Studies the function of the body and how the body parts work

Answer 2

Physiology

Question 3

Requirements for Life (Survival Needs)

Answer 3

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water
4. Normal Body Temperature
5. Atmospheric Pressure

Question 4

Study of large body structure

Answer 4

Gross Anatomy

Question 5

All structures in particular region

Answer 5

Regional Anatomy

Question 6

Body structures examined system by system

Answer 6

Systemic Anatomy

Question 7

Study of internal structures of the body and their relation to the skin surface

Answer 7

Surface Anatomy

Question 8

Engages with small structures visible to the naked eyes

Answer 8

Microscopic Anatomy

Question 9

Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

Answer 9

Developmental Anatomy

Question 10

Studies all functions of the kidney

Answer 10

Renal Physiology

Question 11

Study of heart and blood vessels

Answer 11

Cardiovascular Physiology

Question 12

Study of functions of the kidney

Answer 12

Neurophysiology

Question 13

Metabolic pathways break down molecules for energy release or anabolic reactions.

Answer 13

Catabolism

Question 14

Metabolic pathways constructing molecules from smaller units, requiring energy, also called endergonic process

Answer 14

Anabolism

Question 15

Body’s capacity to uphold consistent internal conditions.

Answer 15

Homeostasis

Question 16

The body’s incapacity to regain a stable and functional internal environment.

Answer 16

Homeostatic Imbalance

Question 17

The process of breaking down or constructing larger molecules.

Answer 17

Metabolism

Question 18

Basic unit of the body

Answer 18

Cell

Question 19

Selective permeable barrier

Answer 19

Plasma Membrane

Question 20

Interior of the cell with organelle-filled intercellular fluid.

Answer 20

Cytoplasm

Question 21

Organelle that controls cellular activities

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

Separates cytoplasm from external fluid, forming cell’s boundary.

Answer 22

Physical Barrier

Question 23

Controls what enters or exits the cell.

Answer 23

Selective Permeability

Question 24

Proteins on the plasma membrane relay messages from chemical messengers to the cell interior.

Answer 24

Communication

Question 25

Cell surface carbohydrates enable cell recognize each other

Answer 25

Cell Recognition

Question 26

Easily pass through lipid bilayer (usually small, nonpolar molecules).

Answer 26

Simple Diffusion

Question 27

Either by a) binding to carrier proteins or b) passing through water-filled channel proteins.

Answer 27

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 28

The process in which a solvent moves through a membrane.

Answer 28

Osmosis

Question 29

Provides structure and transports materials.

Answer 29

Proteins

Question 30

Fluid consisting of protein, water, electrolytes, and solutions.

Answer 30

Intracellular Fluid

Question 31

Fluid on the exterior part of the cell.

Answer 31

Extracellular Fluid

Question 32

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cell; internal water volume.

Answer 32

Tonicity

Question 33

Have equal concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as the cells, maintain shape, and experience no net water loss or gain.

Answer 33

Isotonic

Question 34

Contain higher nonpenetrating solute levels than cells, resulting in water loss and cell shrinkage or crenation.

Answer 34

Hypertonic

Question 35

Less concentrated than cells, causing cells to plump or lyse.

Answer 35

Hypotonic

Question 36

Requires transport proteins that combines specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

Answer 36

Active Transport

Question 37

Signals from the nervous system

Answer 37

Neurotransmitters

Question 38

Signals from the endocrine system

Answer 38

Hormones

Question 39

Chemical that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

Answer 39

Paracrine

Question 40

A thick, semi-transparent fluid in which other elements of the cytoplasm are suspended.

Answer 40

Cytosol

Question 41

Cell's metabolic machinery for protein synthesis and generate ATP

Answer 41

Organelles

Question 42

Various chemical substances including stored nutrients, lipids, and pigments.

Answer 42

Inclusions

Question 43

Powerplant of the cell, responsible for ATP supply

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

Where protein synthesis takes place

Answer 44

Ribosomes

Question 45

Extensive system of interconnected tubes and parallel sacs

Answer 45

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 46

Stacked, flattened sacs modify and package proteins and lipids, along with small associated vesicles.

Answer 46

Golgi Apparatus

Question 47

Enzyme-filled spherical sacs abundant in kidneys and livers.

Answer 47

Peroxisomes

Question 48

Rounded membrane-bound organelles holding active hydrolytic enzymes.

Answer 48

Lysosomes

Question 49

Complex system of rods in the cytosol, linked by many accessory proteins to other cell structures.

Answer 49

Cytoskeleton

Question 50

Motile cellular extensions, found on cell surfaces, propel substances in a single direction.

Answer 50

Cilia

Question 51

Longer centriole-formed extensions, only found in sperm as a single propulsive flagellum moving the cell.

Answer 51

Flagella

Question 52

Small finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane, typically found in absorptive cells of the intestine and kidney, increasing cell surface area.

Answer 52

Microvili