MODULE 1

Question 0

People who has a defect in this enzyme turns red after drinking even just one bottle of alcohol.

Answer 0

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 1

Process of combining 2 identical atoms.

Answer 1

Catenation

Question 2

Defective enyzme that leads to the accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood after alcohol consumption

Answer 2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 3

Aspirin inhibits the _________ which will convert arachidonate to prostaglandins and thromboxanes.

Answer 3

Cyclooxygenase

Question 4

Functions to transport FA to them mitochondria where FA oxidation takes place.

Answer 4

Carnitine

Question 5

Form of melanin that is brown-black in color.

Answer 5

Eumelanin

Question 6

Formation of this type of melanin occurs in the presence of glutathione

Answer 6

Pheomelanin

Question 7

Cell division in prokaryotic organisms is via which process?

A. Mitosis
B. Meiosis
C. Binary fission
D. Augmentation

Answer 7

C. Binary fission

Question 8

Site of protein synthesis in the cell.

Answer 8

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

Site of the cytochrome P450 in the liver.

Answer 9

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 10

Site of glycosylation.

Answer 10

Golgi Apparatus

Question 11

TRUE or FALSE: The mitochondria most likely evolved from bacteria that were engulfed by an ancestral eukaryotic cell living in symbiosis with their host.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

Also called microbodies. Function to protects sensitive cell components from oxidative attacks.

Answer 12

Peroxisomes

Question 13

Functions to digest material ingested by endocytosis and recycle cellular components.

Answer 13

Lysosomes

Question 14

Constituent of cilia; Composed of the protein tubulin

Answer 14

Microtubules

Question 15

Consist of actin; Responsible for intracellular movements

Answer 15

Microfilaments

Question 16

Prominent parts in the cell subject to mechanical stress.

Answer 16

Intermediate filaments

Question 17

The following processes occur in the cytosol EXCEPT:

A. PPP
B. Glycolysis
C. Gluconeogenesis
D. Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Answer 17

D. Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Question 18

Major component of cell wall.

Answer 18

Cellulose

Question 19

Process of isolating specific organelles in relatively pure form, free of contamination by other organelles.

Answer 19

Subcellular Fractionation

Question 20

A step of subcellular fractionation that involves the disruption of cell to liberate its constituents.

Answer 20

Homogenization

Question 21

Content of the final supernatant in centrifugation corresponds to:

A. RER
B. Plasma membrane
C. Cytosol
D. Nucleus

Answer 21

C. Cytosol

Question 22

Which of the following organelle:marker pairing is NOT correct?

A. Mitochondria : Glutamic Dehydrogenase
B. Nucleus: DNA
C. Golgi Apparatus: Galactosyl transferase
D. Cytosol: Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Answer 22

D. Cytosol: Glucose-6-Phosphatase

Question 23

Marker for the plasma membrane

A. Uric acid oxidase
B. Catalase
C. Na+ - K+ ATPase
D. Glutamic dehydrogenase

Answer 23

C. Na+ - K+ ATPase

Question 24

Uses Catalase or Uric Acid Oxidase as marker.

Answer 24

Peroxisomes

Question 25

Alternating double bonds that yield a very stable structure within a molecule is a phenomenon also called __________.

Answer 25

Resonance

Question 26

TRUE or FALSE: Hydrocarbons are polar and soluble in water.

Answer 26

False. They are nonpolar substances and are insoluble in water.

Question 27

C==O is called __________. A. Carbonyl B. Carboxyl C. Ether D. Ester

Answer 27

A. Carbonyl

Question 28

Formed by combining an acid and an alcohol.

Answer 28

Ester

Question 29

Combination of a phosphate and a carboxyl group, or two or more phosphate groups gives __________.

Answer 29

Acid Anhydride

Question 30

Composed of two or more elements.

Answer 30

Compounds

Question 31

Formed when two or more atoms unite on the basis of their electron structures.

Answer 31

Molecules

Question 32

Bond that links alphaGlucose and betaFructose to form Sucrose.

Answer 32

Alpha 1➡️2 Glycosidic bond

Question 33

Form of fatty acid with the presence of a 'kink' in the chain.

Answer 33

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

Question 34

A polymer of 3 or more amino acids forms a __________.

Answer 34

Polypeptide

Question 35

Classification of protein with an axial ration of less than 10.

Answer 35

Globular

Question 36

The following are examples of non-covalent bonds EXCEPT: A. Hydrogen bonds B. Electrostatic bonds C. Van der Waals forces D. Peptide bonds

Answer 36

D. Peptide bonds

Question 37

Link two portions of polypeptide chain through a cystine residue.

Answer 37

Disulfide bonds

Question 38

Which of these is not a true bond: A. Electrostatic bond B. Disulfide bond C. Hydrophobic interaction D. Van der Waals forces

Answer 38

C. Hydrophobic interaction

Question 39

Reagent that cleaves the carboxylic side of lysine and arginine.

Answer 39

Trypsin

Question 40

Cleaves Asn-Gly bonds.

Answer 40

Hydroxylamine

Question 41

Mild acid hydrolysis cleaves this type of bond. A. Arg-Arg B. Pro-Pro C. Asp-Pro D. Arg-Pro

Answer 41

C. Asp-Pro

Question 42

Fundamental unit of collagen.

Answer 42

Tropocollagen

Question 43

Collagen has a Gly-X-Y sequence. Y is usually?

Answer 43

Proline or hydroxyrpoline

Question 44

The following statements are true about tropocollagen EXCEPT: A. Undergoes aldol condensation. B. Consist of 4 polypetide chain in R-handed helix. C. Stabilized by H bonds. D. Have 3 residues/turn on a L-handed helix.

Answer 44

B. Consist of 4 polypetide chain in R-handed helix.

Question 45

Composed of stacked anti-parallel beta sheets. Consists largely of glycine, serine, and alanine.

Answer 45

Silk Fibroin

Question 46

Heat shock proteins.

Answer 46

Chaperonins

Question 47

Large multi-subunit proteins that accelerate the folding process by providing a protected environment where polypeptides fold into their native conformations and form quaternary structure.

Answer 47

Molecular chaperones

Question 48

The secondary structure of myoglobin contains a very high proportion (75%) of ___________.

Answer 48

Alpha helices

Question 49

Myoglobin comprises of how many right handed helices?

Answer 49

8

Question 50

The oxygen binding site contains a heme prosthetic group with _______ in the center and ________ residues located above and below.

Answer 50

Fe 2+, Histidine

Question 51

The 4 pyrrole molecules in heme are linked by....

Answer 51

Alpha methylene bridges

Question 52

The protoporphyrin is consist of the following EXCEPT: A. 2 methyl groups B. 2 vinyl groups C. 4 methyl groups D. 2 propionate side chains

Answer 52

A. 2 methyl groups

Question 53

HgA in adults consist of 4 subunits namely:

Answer 53

2 alpha and 2 beta

Question 54

The quaternary structure of the fully oxygenated high affinity form of hemoglobin (HbO2) is said to be in:

Answer 54

Relaxed state

Question 55

The tertiary configuration of low affinity, deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) is said to be in:

Answer 55

Taut state

Question 56

The curve of oxygen binding to hemoglobin is _________ in shape. In contrast the oxygen binding curve for myoglobin is __________.

Answer 56

Sigmoidal, hyperbolic

Question 57

TRUE or FALSE: Myoglobin has a greater affinity than hemoglobin for oxygen at all oxygen pressures.

Answer 57

TRUE

Question 58

The alpha-globin genes are on chromosome ____ and the beta-globin genes are on chromosome ____.

Answer 58

16, 11

Question 59

Fetal hemoglobin is composed of:

Answer 59

2 Zeta and 2eta subunits

Question 60

TRUE or FALSE: Hemoglobin Saki: BLeu➡️ Pro

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

BHis146➡️Leu

Answer 61

Hemoglobin Cowtown

Question 62

Caused by a single nucleotide substitution (A to T) of valine for glutamate at position 6 on the B-subunit of hemoglobin. GAG to GTG.

Answer 62

Sickle cell anemia

Question 63

In hemoglobin M, histidine F8 has been replaced by what amino acid?

Answer 63

Tyrosine

Question 64

An abnormal hemoglobin in which leucine is substituted for arginine in the alpha chain (92), results in high oxygen affinity.

Answer 64

Chesapeake

Question 65

Most common prion diseases.

Answer 65

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 66

What is the molecular pathogenesis of prion diseases?

Answer 66

Change in conformation of the normal/native PrPC to PrPSC.