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Pharm > Module 1-6 > Flashcards

Module 1-6 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Where can you find drug info ?

A

Drug guide book
Agency Drug Monograph
Academic online database

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2
Q

Excretion during pregnancy

A

Blood flow in kidneys increases by 50-70%

Effects : renal plasma flow, filtration routes, renal absoroption

Excretion rates increase this affects dosage time and onset

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3
Q

Metabolism during pregancy

A

Is altered during pregnancy and some drugs may require higher doses

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4
Q

Synergistic Effect

A

Different drugs given together to increase the action of one of the drugs

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5
Q

Antagonist

A

A drug that STOPS the endogenous chemicals from working

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6
Q

Agonist

A

A drug that produces the SAME response as the endogenous substance in the body

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7
Q

Half Life

A

Length of time that is needed for a drug to decrease its concentration in the blood plasma by 1/2

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8
Q

Factors affecting metabolism

A

Liver Failure
Genetics
Age

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9
Q

Pro Drug

A

Drug that doesn’t become active until it is metabolized

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10
Q

Active Metabolite

A

Metabolized but still able to work in the body

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11
Q

Inactive Metabolite

A

Drug is no longer able to work in the body

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12
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical alteration of a drug in the body
- changes to water soluble
Inactivates medication
usually occurs in liver but also kidneys

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13
Q

Factors that affect Absorption

A

Medication related: Route, Drug into, other drugs

Patient related: Blood flow, Pain stress disease diet

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14
Q

Factors Affecting distribution

A

Blood flow
Solubility
Protein binding

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15
Q

Reasons we give drugs

A

Acute/ Empirical: To treat acute diseases
Maintenance: for chronic conditions
supportive
pallative

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16
Q

Maintenance Dose

A

Intermittent dose give to maintain the plasma drug level in the therapeutic range

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17
Q

Loading dose

A

Higher amount of drug given only once or twice to prime the blood stream from zero to therapeutic dose

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18
Q

Duration

A

How long it takes for the drug to stay active in the body

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19
Q

Peak

A

How long it takes for the drug to achieve full effect

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20
Q

Onset

A

How long it takes for a drug to achieve minimal eggiest or start working

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21
Q

Idiosyncratic Effect

A

None documented side effect likely due to genetics

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22
Q

Contraindication

A

A drug that should not be used because it may cause harm

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23
Q

Parentally

A

Non-oral means of administering medications

IV IM injection, Sub Cu

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24
Q

Adverse Effect

A

A side effect that can cause serious harm

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25
Side Effect
``` A documented effect other then the desired effect nausea constipation heart burn loss of apetiete ```
26
Absorption fastest and slowest route
Process of moving a drug into the blood stream alsowest: oral, IM, SC not a lot of blood supply Fastest: IV inhalation
27
Topical
Skin: Intended to effect only the area applied too | skin, eyes, ears
28
Enterally
Food or drugs given via gastro intestinal tract | mouth sublingual buccal
29
Therapeutic purposes of medication
bRANCH OF MEDICINE CONCERNED WITH PREVENTION OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT OF SUFFERING Desirable response from a drug Medically therapeutic
30
Pharmacodynamics
How a drug affects the body or how it works
31
Pharmacotherapeutics
The use of a drug to prevent or treat a disease
32
Pharmacokinetics
How a drug moves through the body ADME Helps nurse understand actions and side effects of medications
33
Ethical Principles in safe med admin
``` Responsibility to public Responsibility to client Responsibility to profession Responsibility to colleagues Responsibility to self ```
34
7 Rights of med admin
``` Right person Right reason Right Dose Right Route Right Time Right to refuse Right Documentation ```
35
Schedule 1 med
These drugs can only be obtained by prescription and given by a pharmacist codeine morphine
36
Schedule 2 med
These drugs are available without a prescription but must be given out by a pharmacist
37
Schedule 3 Med
Available without a prescription from the self selection area of a pharmacy
38
Unscheduled
Can be sol in any store without professional supervision
39
Adrenergic Antagonist Teach and Monitor
Monitor: Blurred vision, Edema, Level of conciseness, liver function Teach" Report difficulty urinating, Take medication at bedtime, avoid abrupt changes in position
40
Adrenergic Antagonist Beta 1 Blockers
- Black Beta 1 Beta 2 or both - Decrease Rate and force of the heart - Fewer Side Effects - Lowers BP, dysrhythmia Side effects of dizzy, drowsiness and light headed
41
Adrenergic Antagonist Alpha 1 Blockers
- Relaxes Vascular Smooth muscle - Decreased blood pressure - Prostatic hyperplasia, increase urine flow Adverse Effect: Nasal congestion, reflex tachycardia
42
Adrenergic Antagonist ( Antiadrenergics)
They stop the sympathetic responses and produce the opposite response or parasympathetic - block alpha and beta receptor sites
43
Adrenergic Agonist Alpha 1
- Treatment of nasal congestion or hypotension ( due to shock) - Contraction of vascular smooth muscle Cause vasoconstriction of vessels in the nose
44
Adrenergic ( Adrenergic agonist)
Produce classic " fight or flight" responses Cardiovascular Respiratory Alpha and beta subtypes gives wider therapeutic options with less adverse effect.
45
Adrenergic Monitor and Teaching
Monitor: Breathing patterns, responsiveness to light, BP and temperature. Teach: Report dizziness or chest pain, take medication early in the day to prevent insomnia.
46
Non-selective Adrenergics
- Stimulate/Bind to more then one receptor | - Have more generalized side effects
47
Adrenergic Agonist Beta 2`
- Treatment of asthma or premature labour contractions | - Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
48
Adrenergic Agonist Beta 1
Treatment of cardiac arrest, shock, heart failure Cardiac actions for fight or flight - increase heart rate - increase force of contraction of heart - increase BP
49
Adrenergic Agonist Alpha 2
Works opposite Alpha 1 - Treat meant of hypertension - Work on CNS to Decrease Sympa - Decrease blood pressure
50
Anticholinergics
Stops the parasympathetic response | They produce the opposite which is sympathetic responses
51
Anticholinergics Therapeutic Uses
Dilates bronchi ( asthma) Accelerates heart for patients with bradycardia GI disorders: reduces gastric acids for ulcer diseases
52
Anticholinergics Side Effects
- Tachycardia - Blurred Vision - Dry Mouth - Urinary Retention - Constipation
53
Anticholinergics Teachings
- Surgarless gum or candy can help with dry mouth | - May Cause drowsiness avoid driving
54
Cholinergics
Mimics Acetycloline - They produce the rest and digest response - Direct Acting: Binding to ACH to produce rest and digest - Indirect Acting : Blocks AchE from destroying Ach
55
Direct Acting Cholinergics
Produce rest and digest response and increase smooth muscle tone by binding Have longer duration then ACH Poorly Absorbed in GI tract and don't cross blood brain barrier
56
Direct Acting Cholinergic's teachings and Monitor
Monitor: Intake and Output, Blurred Vision, Orthostatic Hypotension Teach: Be near bathroom after taking drug, Do not drive until side effects are known, Avoid standing to long or fast position changes
57
Indirect Cholinergic's teachings and Monitor
Monitor: Muscle Weakness, Schedule other meds around meal time Teach: Report severe muscle weakness, report any difficulty with vision or swallowing, take frequency rest periods.
58
Indirect Acting Cholinergics
Stop Destruction of ACH Intensify smooth muscle contraction Good for Uniary or intestinal obstruction careful with COPD patients bronchi can contact
59
Acetylcholine
Parasympathetic
60
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic
61
Potassium K+
Sends and conducts nerves impulses to the heart skeletal and smooth muscles Lost through vomiting and diarrhea normal range 3.5-5.0
62
Sodium Na+
Big component of blood vessels and tissue spaces neuromuscular function and ner conduction Lost through vomiting diarrhea some medications
63
5 Main Electrolyts
``` Sodium Potassium Magnesium Iron Calcium ```
64
Folic Acide
Needed for DNA Synthesis Essential for CNS development in fetus aids in production of RBCs Chronic alcohol abuse and pregnancy Pregnancy Category A
65
Vitamin C
Aids in absorption of Iron | Defincies cause scurvy
66
Vitamine B Complex made up of 7....
``` B1 Thiamine B2 Riboflavin B3 Niacin B5 Pantothenic Acide B6 Pyridoxine B7 Biotine B9 Folate ```
67
Fat Soluble Vitamine K
Need to synthesize Prothrombin and for clotting factors Found in Plant sources (leafy greens) Defiency could cause delayed homeostasis
68
Reasons to use Fat Soluble Vitamin A
Essential for growth and development proper wound healing pigment required for night vision
69
Fat Soluble Vitamine E
Protects cellular components and RBCs
70
Magnesium Mg
Transmission of near muscular activity | Promotes contraction in the myocardium
71
Calcium
Nerve and muscle activity increase contraction of heart muscles Promotes blood clotting formation of bones and teeth
72
Fat Soluble Vitamin D
Regulates calcium and phosorous Needed for Calcium absorption Deficiency can cause skeletal abnormalities such as rickets in chilren

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