Module #1

Question 1

B.F. Skinner:

Answer 1

Developed the Behavioral Theory, which suggested that students could be trained and conditioned to learn anything there teacher desired.

Question 2

Lev Vygotsky:

Answer 2

Developed the Social Development Theory, which suggested that social interaction among children plays a role in cognitive development.

Question 3

Robert Havighurst:

Answer 3

He developed 6 stages of Development and Growth. And Believed that children must master specific tasks to develop normally through teachable moments.

Question 4

Jean Piaget:

Answer 4

Developed the Theory of Cognitive Development with 4 stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operations, and Formal Operations which children will learn facts, concepts, and principles.

Question 5

Jerome Bruner:

Answer 5

Postulated a series of developmental steps/stages that children encounter when they are mature: Imagery, Action, and Symbolism.

Question 6

Benjamin Bloom:

Answer 6

Wrote the Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Believed that one can predict learning outcomes by assessing 3 factors: Cognitive Entry, Affective Entry, and Quality of Instruction.

Question 7

Fredrick Douglas:

Answer 7

Improved vocational training/education for the plight of African Americans.

Question 8

Booker T. Washington:

Answer 8

An early African American Educator who contributed to education development. He founded the Tuskegee Institute to influence African Americans

Question 9

Maria Montessori:

Answer 9

Developed her own theory and methods for educating young children. Emphasized independent work and has own schools Casa dei Bambini

Question 10

Ella Flagg Young:

Answer 10

Learned under John Dewy and became the Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools. She was also the first female president of the National Education Association (NEA).

Question 11

John Dewey:

Answer 11

Believed that humans learn through a ‘hands-on’ approach. Was a pragmatist as reality must be experienced and he viewed that students must interact with their environment to learn and adapt.

Question 12

Socrates:

Answer 12

Socrates believed that “Knowledge is virtue” and this principle has been adopted by many educators. He is famous for creating the Socratic Method of teaching-a way of teaching that centers on the use of questions by the teacher to lead students to a certain conclusion.

Question 13

Erasmus:

Answer 13

He was a Dutch Renaissance humanist. He was one of the most famous humanist educators and formed the humanistic theory of education.

Question 14

Frederich Froebel:

Answer 14

Froebel laid the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities. His contributions include the establishment of the first kindergarten. He believed that women are best suited to teach young children.

Question 15

John Locke:

Answer 15

Locke viewed a young child’s mind as a blank slate ( tabula rasa) on which an education could be imprinted. He believed that teachers needed to create a nonthreatening learning environment— a rather revolutionary idea at that time.

Question 16

Essentialism:

Answer 16

A philosophy of education based on the assumption that students should learn the basic facts regarding the social and physical world.

Question 17

Positivism:

Answer 17

is a philosophical theory stating that certain knowledge is based on natural phenomena and their properties and relations

Question 18

Behaviorism:

Answer 18

learning is a function of change in the way one behaves. Individuals respond to events (or stimuli) that occur in the environment, a response produces a behavior, and stimulus–response patterns could be reinforced through rewards or punishments.

Question 19

Progressivism:

Answer 19

is an orientation of philosophy of education based on the assumption that all learning is active, that learning is intellectual, social, and emotional, and that curriculum should begin with the child’s interests and experiences.

Question 20

Humanism:

Answer 20

is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the development of students as individuals. Its goal is to help each student develop his or her personal interests and engage in learning because of an intense personal interest in it and because it has meaning.

Question 21

Constructivism:

Answer 21

is based on the belief that learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of meaning and knowledge construction as opposed to passively receiving information.

Question 22

GI Bill

Answer 22

allowed tuition and stipends for those who served in the military.

Question 23

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Answer 23

Federal legislation protecting the rights of studentswithdisabilitiesto receive a free, appropriateeducationthat meets their needs.

Question 24

National Defense Education Act (NDEA)

Answer 24

funded research and funding for educational programs that focused on math, science, and foreign languages, but also provided student loans for those who wanted to become teachers or school counselors

Question 25

1st Amendment

Answer 25

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Question 26

10th Amendment

Answer 26

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Question 27

14th Amendment

Answer 27

All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Question 28

Section 504: of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act 

Answer 28

was the first disability civil rights law to be enacted in the United States. It prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in programs that receive federal financial assistance, and set the stage for enactment of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Question 29

Affirmative Act

Answer 29

A set of procedures designed to eliminate unlawful discrimination among applicants, remedy the results of such prior discrimination, and prevent such discrimination in the future. Applicants may be seeking admission to an educational program or looking for professional employment

Question 30

Response to Intervention (RTI)

Answer 30

Is a multi-tier approach to the early identification and support of students with learning and behavior needs. 1st Tier: Whole Group Instruction 2nd Tier: Small Group Instruction 3rd Tier: One-on-One Instruction

Question 31

Eight-Year Study

Answer 31

A study in the period of the 1930s that compared the progressive approach to education with the traditional approach, and found that the progressive approach produced more intellectual curiosity and drive and higher levels of critical thinking and judgment.

Question 32

National Board Certification:

Answer 32

was designed to develop, retain and recognize accomplished teachers and to generate ongoing improvement in schools nationwide.

Question 33

No Child Left Behind Act(NCLB):

Answer 33

it was the federal approach to holding teachers and principals accountable by assessing student learning through state achievement tests.

Question 34

Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA):

Answer 34

:is a US law passed in December 2015 that governs the United States K–12 public education policy.[1] The law replaced its predecessor, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), and modified but did not eliminate provisions relating to the periodic standardized tests given to students

Question 35

Department of Education:

Answer 35

responsible for providing federal aid to educational institutions and financial aid to students, keeping national educational records, and conducting some educational research.

Question 36

National Science Foundation:

Answer 36

is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.

Question 37

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA):

Answer 37

is an agency of the federal government of the United States within the U.S. Department of the Interior. mission is to enhance the quality of life, to promote economic opportunity, and to carry out the responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian tribes and Alaska Natives.

Question 38

Department of Defense (DOD):

Answer 38

is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.

Question 39

Department of the Interior:

Answer 39

is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.