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module 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is it helpful to learn the scientific names or plants? Whats the drawback of common names?

A

There is only one scientific name across all languages, which helps to properly identify. Scientific names can also give clues to whether two plants are related, sharing medicinial and edible qualitites

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2
Q

species

A

group of living organisms capable of breeding or exchanging DNA

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3
Q

genus

A

group of related species

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4
Q

family

A

group of related genera

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5
Q

what are two ranks of classification in plant’s scientific name

A

Species and genus

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6
Q

what does sp. and spp. mean

A

spp. is all species in given genus, sp. is species unknown

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7
Q

what is a hybrid how is the scientific name written

A

when two related species sucessfully breed, the offspring is called a hybrid it’s conveyed by using the multiplication sign

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8
Q

whats the difference between deciduous and evergreen plant

A

deciduous plant regularly sheds leaves- maple plant

evergreen- retains leaves throughout the year-pine tree

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9
Q

angiosperm

A

produces flowers and bears seeds in a fruit- rose

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10
Q

gymnosperm

A

seed bearing plant that doesnt produce seeds in enclosed fruit- pine

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11
Q

fruit

A

ripened ovary that encloses seeds

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12
Q

annual

A

plant that completes its life cycle in one year or growing season

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13
Q

biennial

A

plant that is purley vegetative the first year and that flowers, sets seeds and dies the second year of life

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14
Q

perennial

A

plant that lives more that 2 years

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15
Q

herbaceous perennial

A

plants that regrow from dormant roots every year

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16
Q

herbaceous

A

plant that doesnt develop any woody growth, growth is typically green and pliable

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17
Q

woody perennial

A

plants that regrow from buds on woody growth every year, can be vines, shrubs or trees

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18
Q

what are the four primary organs of a flower

A

sepal, petal stamen and pistil

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19
Q

sepal

A

protect the flower or bud or open flower

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20
Q

calyx

A

all the sepals in a flower

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21
Q

corolla

A

all the petals in the flower

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22
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive organ for a flower, produce and distribute pollen

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23
Q

pistil

A

female reproductive organ- if pollinated the pistil will become the fruit

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24
Q

whats the two primary organs of the stamen

A

filament and anther

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25
filament
stalk of stamen
26
anther
tip of the stamen that releases pollen
27
what are three organs of pistil
ovary, style, stigma
28
ovary
enlarged basal part of pistil that houses immature seeds or ovules
29
style
stalk of the pistil that connects ovary and stimga
30
stigma
tip of pistil that collects pollen
31
besides flowers, how can a plant reproduce?
runners, grow bulbs, grow from severed twigs
32
pollenation
transfer of pollen from one flower's stamen to another flower's stigma
33
fertilization
genetic exchange between plants that takes place in ovary
34
where does pollination take place?
on the stigma
35
what is inflorescence
flowering part of the plant including any accessory floral organs
36
perfect flower
both male and female parts on the same flower
37
imperfect flower
either male of female parts flower, not both
38
monoecious
have seperate male and female parts on the same flower
39
dioecious
male flowers on one plant and female flowers on another
40
what is a leaf arrangement
refers to the way a leaf grows from the stem
41
alternate leaf arrangement
singly from the stem they alternate taking turns growing from the stem
42
opposite leaf arrangement
two leaves grow directly across or opposite the stem from eachother
43
whorled leaf arrangement
three or more leaves grow out from the same point on the stem
44
leaf margin
border
45
entire margin
no teeth, an even border, smooth edge
46
serrate margin
saw toothed edge with upward pointing teeth
47
dentate margin
saw toothed edge with teeth pointing out at right angles
48
crenate margin
rounded teeth or scalloped edge
49
simple leaf
leaves that can't be divided into smaller units
50
divided leafs
possess segment or sub leaves or leaflets
51
why do scientific names change
modern science allows us to refine classification system
52
species
group of living organisims capable of breeding or exchanging DNA
53
genus
group of related species (genera- plural)
54
family
group of related genera
55
what two ranks of classification are expressed in plants scientific name
species and genus
56
what kinds of qualities do plants share if they're in the same family
physical and chemical characteristics i.e. mint has high concentration of essential oils in their tissue- the family will be aromatic and provide medicinal qualities to reduce intestinal gas
57
what is hybrid? how is it signified in scientific name
when two related species successfully breed the resulting offbreed is a hybrid. Signafied by scientific names x sceintific name i
58
pinnately compound leaves
feather like arrangement arranged on either side of the central elongated axis
59
palmately compound leaves
leaflets radiate from central point much like fingers on the palm of the hand
60
describe sunflower family (asteraceae)
flowers are arranged in a head with minute florets, leaves contain a white milky substance, lettuce, burduck, daisy, sunflower
61
sessile
stalkless leaf
62
Describe Mint family ( Lamiaceae)
opposite leaves square stem and aromatic compounds. flowers are bilabiate (two lipped) and irregular and bisexual. four stamens, two long and two short. Medicinally they are carminative- gas relieving, anti-mircobial, anti- inflamatory, gentle sedative. Sage, orgeno, thyme, lavander
63
stipule
leaf appendage at the node, green growth at the base of the petiole
64
what kinds of qualities do plants share if they're in the same family
physical and chemical characteristics i.e. mint has high concentration of essential oils in their tissue- the family will be aromatic and provide medicinal qualities to reduce intestinal gas
65
whats a precaution when using astringents
do not use for prolonged times as it attaches to digestive enzymes and breaks them down so food can not be digested
66
when harvesting and avoiding pollutants what areas should you avoid
near roads, foundations of building, electric lines, flood plains, railroads
67
Describe Carrot Family (Apiaceae)
bisexual flower with five sepal , five petals, five stamen, flowers arranged in compound umbels,. leaves are typically alternate and compound. stalks are hollow, rich in essential oils
68
what are advantages of tea vs tincture
pleasurable to drink, affordable, hydration, alcohol avoidance, prebiotic compounds can be extracted in water not alcohol.
69
immunomodulatory
regulates and balances the immune system
70
Describe Mint family ( Lamiaceae)
opposite leaves square stem and aromatic compounds. flowers are bilabiate (two lipped) and irregular and bisexual. four stamens, two long and two short. Medicinally they are carminative- gas relieving, anti-mircobial, anti- inflamatory, gentle sedative. Sage, orgeno, thyme, lavander
71
diuretic
increases urinary output. helpful for UTI and reducing kidney stones and premenstural bloating Dandelion leaf, corn silk, goldenrod, chickweed
72
astringent
contain tannins and cause puckering or tightening of tissues. used to reduce gas inflammation, diarrhea, peptic ulcers, leaky gut syndrome, IBS, herbal gargles for sore throat,
73
what nutritional benefits do eating edible flowers provide
good source of dietary flavanoids and related anti oxidant compounds
74
when harvesting and avoiding pollutants what areas should you avoid
near roads, foundations of building, electric lines, flood plains, railroads
75
what are advantages of tinctures
keep for years, easier to take vs. tea, essential oils are more soluble in alchol vs. water
76
what are advantages of tea vs tincture
pleasurable to drink, affordable, hydration, alcohol avoidance, prebiotic compounds can be extracted in water not alcohol.
77
immunomodulatory
regulates and balances the immune system
78
what two conditions do you need for drying herbs
moderate heat and airflow
79
How long do dried leaves and flowers last?
up to 2 years
80
how long does dried roots last
up to 3 years
81
what nutritional benefits do eating edible flowers provide
good source of dietary flavanoids and related anti oxidant compounds
82
list benefits of eating violets (Viola sororia, Violaceae)
leaves are high in mucilage which makes them good for reducing cholesterol and promoting healthy intestinal flora, leaves are are high in Vitamins A and C and rutin. Rutin is an anti oxidant, anti inflamatory, and blood thinner
83
list benefits of dandelion
root supports liver and encourages population of healthy intestinal flora, and stimulates digestive process through bitter flavor, leaves are used in tea and tincture as a potassium sparing diuretic and digestive bitter

botany terms (2 decks)

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