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hubs191 > module 1 > Flashcards

module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Holds the bones together where the bones meet. It involves bone shape and allows for movement control

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2
Q

What tissue is cartilage?

A

A connective tissue

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3
Q

What is the composition of cartilage?

A

Collagen fibres in a ground substance, blood vessels do not penetrate the cartilage

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4
Q

What happens when joints are loaded?

A

More nutrients are diffused.

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5
Q

Two kinds of cartilage are?

A

Hyaline and fibrocartilage.

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6
Q

Hyaline cartilage characteristics are?

A

Barley visible collagen fibres, high water content.

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7
Q

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

A

water = resist compression and have a smooth frictionless surface.

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8
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

A

It moulds to the surface of bones where they articulate. For smooth frictionless movement.

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9
Q

What effects does hyaline cartilage have with age?

A

it degrades

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10
Q

Fibrocartilage characteristics?

A

Collagen fibres form bundles throughout the matrix. These align with stresses.

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11
Q

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

A

To reist compression and tension.

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12
Q

Where would you find fibrocartilage?

A

At articulations that experience both compression and tension(deepening of articular surfaces)

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13
Q

What does fibrocartilage do for articular surafces?

A

Acts as a shock absorber(distribute force over a wider area)

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14
Q

Do joints have an inorganic component?

A

No

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15
Q

Does cartilage have any nerve cells or blood vessels etc..?

A

No

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16
Q

Ligaments and tendons have what tissue?

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

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17
Q

Ligaments and tendons are composed out of?

A

collagen/elastin

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18
Q

Ligaments and tendons function

A

resist tension

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19
Q

Ligaments connect to?

A

Bone

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20
Q

Function of ligaments?

A

restrict movement(away from themselves)

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21
Q

Ligaments have little

A

elastin

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22
Q

Tendons connect?

A

Muscle to bone

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23
Q

Function of tendons?

A

Facilities and controls movement

24
Q

What has more elastin?

A

Tendons are higher then ligaments

25
Q

Tendons help?

A

Contraction

26
Q

Main function of fibrous joints?

A

limit movement and provide stability

27
Q

Main function of cartilaginous joints?

A

Have some movement

28
Q

Tissues vs structures?

A

Tissue= how cells are grouped Structure= something formed of a tissue

29
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Free-moving direction of movement is determined by structure.

30
Q

Synovial Joints location?

A

Found in most most limb joints.

31
Q

What are synovial joint features?

A

The bone ends determine the range of motion.

32
Q

List functions of synovial joints?

A

Found in bone ends, articular cartilage, capsules the joints, secretes synovial fluids, ligaments

33
Q

What covers bone ends?

A

Hyaline cartilage covers bone ends where they articulate and move

34
Q

What membrane lines the inner surface of the joint?

A

Synovial fluid - lubricates the joint

35
Q

Ligaments are found?

A

They hold bones together, Ligaments are tight and thick where more support is required/ vise versa for movement.

36
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament do?

A

Restrict abduction

37
Q

What does the lateral ligament do?

A

Lateral restricts adduction

38
Q

What do intracapsular ligaments do?

A

Restrict movements between bones

39
Q

What is one axes called

A

Uniaxial

40
Q

What is two axes called?

A

Biaxial

41
Q

Multiaxial

A

Many axes

42
Q

What is the ROM determined by?

A

Structure of the joint (bone end shape, ligament location and length, body surface contact)

43
Q

Plane joint is

A

Multiaxial, sliding and gliding, located in flat articular surfaces

44
Q

Hinge joint is

A

Uniaxial, movements are flexion and extension

45
Q

Pivot joint is

A

Uniaxial, movement is rotation

46
Q

Condylar joint

A

Biaxial, flexion and extension, rotation(when flexed)

47
Q

Ellipsoid joint

A

biaxial, same as(condylar) but abducts and adducts NO ROTATION

48
Q

Saddle joint

A

Biaxial, flexion and extension, ab and add

49
Q

Ball and joint socket

A

Multiaxial, flex and extend, abb and add, rotation

50
Q

Bones begin as?

A

Cartilage

51
Q

What is the process of transforming cartilage to bone?

A

Endochondral ossification

52
Q

Bone growth is enabled by

A

Epiphyseal plates, starts out as cartilage

53
Q

What happens from starting puberty?

A

Epiphyses start to fuse with diaphyses.

54
Q

How do bones grow in length

A

Through growth plate

55
Q

How do bones grow in width?

A

Through appositional growth(OB produces circumferential lamellae) OCS(for medullary cavity)

hubs191 (1 decks)

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