module 1

Question 1

What is a joint?

Answer 1

Holds the bones together where the bones meet. It involves bone shape and allows for movement control

Question 2

What tissue is cartilage?

Answer 2

A connective tissue

Question 3

What is the composition of cartilage?

Answer 3

Collagen fibres in a ground substance, blood vessels do not penetrate the cartilage

Question 4

What happens when joints are loaded?

Answer 4

More nutrients are diffused.

Question 5

Two kinds of cartilage are?

Answer 5

Hyaline and fibrocartilage.

Question 6

Hyaline cartilage characteristics are?

Answer 6

Barley visible collagen fibres, high water content.

Question 7

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 7

water = resist compression and have a smooth frictionless surface.

Question 8

Where is hyaline cartilage found?

Answer 8

It moulds to the surface of bones where they articulate. For smooth frictionless movement.

Question 9

What effects does hyaline cartilage have with age?

Answer 9

it degrades

Question 10

Fibrocartilage characteristics?

Answer 10

Collagen fibres form bundles throughout the matrix. These align with stresses.

Question 11

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 11

To reist compression and tension.

Question 12

Where would you find fibrocartilage?

Answer 12

At articulations that experience both compression and tension(deepening of articular surfaces)

Question 13

What does fibrocartilage do for articular surafces?

Answer 13

Acts as a shock absorber(distribute force over a wider area)

Question 14

Do joints have an inorganic component?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Does cartilage have any nerve cells or blood vessels etc..?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

Ligaments and tendons have what tissue?

Answer 16

Dense fibrous connective tissue

Question 17

Ligaments and tendons are composed out of?

Answer 17

collagen/elastin

Question 18

Ligaments and tendons function

Answer 18

resist tension

Question 19

Ligaments connect to?

Answer 19

Bone

Question 20

Function of ligaments?

Answer 20

restrict movement(away from themselves)

Question 21

Ligaments have little

Answer 21

elastin

Question 22

Tendons connect?

Answer 22

Muscle to bone

Question 23

Function of tendons?

Answer 23

Facilities and controls movement

Question 24

What has more elastin?

Answer 24

Tendons are higher then ligaments

Question 25

Tendons help?

Answer 25

Contraction

Question 26

Main function of fibrous joints?

Answer 26

limit movement and provide stability

Question 27

Main function of cartilaginous joints?

Answer 27

Have some movement

Question 28

Tissues vs structures?

Answer 28

Tissue= how cells are grouped Structure= something formed of a tissue

Question 29

Synovial Joints

Answer 29

Free-moving direction of movement is determined by structure.

Question 30

Synovial Joints location?

Answer 30

Found in most most limb joints.

Question 31

What are synovial joint features?

Answer 31

The bone ends determine the range of motion.

Question 32

List functions of synovial joints?

Answer 32

Found in bone ends, articular cartilage, capsules the joints, secretes synovial fluids, ligaments

Question 33

What covers bone ends?

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage covers bone ends where they articulate and move

Question 34

What membrane lines the inner surface of the joint?

Answer 34

Synovial fluid - lubricates the joint

Question 35

Ligaments are found?

Answer 35

They hold bones together, Ligaments are tight and thick where more support is required/ vise versa for movement.

Question 36

What does the medial collateral ligament do?

Answer 36

Restrict abduction

Question 37

What does the lateral ligament do?

Answer 37

Lateral restricts adduction

Question 38

What do intracapsular ligaments do?

Answer 38

Restrict movements between bones

Question 39

What is one axes called

Answer 39

Uniaxial

Question 40

What is two axes called?

Answer 40

Biaxial

Question 41

Multiaxial

Answer 41

Many axes

Question 42

What is the ROM determined by?

Answer 42

Structure of the joint (bone end shape, ligament location and length, body surface contact)

Question 43

Plane joint is

Answer 43

Multiaxial, sliding and gliding, located in flat articular surfaces

Question 44

Hinge joint is

Answer 44

Uniaxial, movements are flexion and extension

Question 45

Pivot joint is

Answer 45

Uniaxial, movement is rotation

Question 46

Condylar joint

Answer 46

Biaxial, flexion and extension, rotation(when flexed)

Question 47

Ellipsoid joint

Answer 47

biaxial, same as(condylar) but abducts and adducts NO ROTATION

Question 48

Saddle joint

Answer 48

Biaxial, flexion and extension, ab and add

Question 49

Ball and joint socket

Answer 49

Multiaxial, flex and extend, abb and add, rotation

Question 50

Bones begin as?

Answer 50

Cartilage

Question 51

What is the process of transforming cartilage to bone?

Answer 51

Endochondral ossification

Question 52

Bone growth is enabled by

Answer 52

Epiphyseal plates, starts out as cartilage

Question 53

What happens from starting puberty?

Answer 53

Epiphyses start to fuse with diaphyses.

Question 54

How do bones grow in length

Answer 54

Through growth plate

Question 55

How do bones grow in width?

Answer 55

Through appositional growth(OB produces circumferential lamellae) OCS(for medullary cavity)