Module 1

Question 1

Pelagic vs benthic

Answer 1

Open water va the bottom

Question 2

Photic zone vs aphotic zone

Answer 2

Sunlight vs no sunlight

Question 3

Neurotic vs oceanic

Answer 3

Close to shore vs far from shore

Question 4

Supralittoral vs littoral vs sublittoral

Answer 4

Rarely submerged vs between highest and lowest tides vs always submerged

Question 5

Planktonic

Answer 5

Rely on the water column to move

Question 6

How do habitats vary by climate

Answer 6

Temperature, precipitation, elevation, pressure, wind, humidity, latitude

Question 7

What are the two types of digestion

Answer 7

Extra cellular and intracellular

Question 8

Four types of feeding:

Answer 8

Filter, fluid, deposit, bulk

Question 9

Extracellular digestion

Answer 9

Digest food outside cells

Question 10

Intracellular Digestion

Answer 10

Most invertabrets have an alimentary canal, gastrovascular cavity

Question 11

Ammonotelic

Answer 11

Secrete soluble ammonia

Question 12

Uricotelic

Answer 12

Secrete Uric acid

Question 13

Circulation in invertebrates

Answer 13

Closed or open, open usually has hemolymph

Question 14

7ways of respirating

Answer 14

Gills, book gills, book lungs, pseudotracheae, trachea, pneumostome, ctenidium

Question 15

Different times of locomotion

Answer 15

Jet propulsion, walking, flapping, paddling, flying, pedal, persistatic waves, undulation, flexing

Question 16

Examples of asexual reproduction

Answer 16

Budding, regeneration, parenthogenesis

Question 17

R selected species

Answer 17

Produce more gametes, released into environment,

Question 18

Acoelomate

Answer 18

Lack of a body cavity

Question 19

Larvae

Answer 19

Find ideal habitats, more motile, can have symbiotic relationships

Question 20

Homology

Answer 20

Trait present in common ancestor

Question 21

Analogy

Answer 21

Traits that are not due to common ancestor, result of convergent evolution

Question 22

3 ways to construct a phylogenetic tree:

Answer 22

Analysis of extinct invertebrates, analysis of traits of extant invertebrates, analysis of DNA

Question 23

Monophyletic group

Answer 23

A group of organisms that consist of the common ancestor and its descendants

Question 24

Paraphyletic group

Answer 24

Common ancestor, including not all of the descendants

Question 25

Polyphyletic group

Answer 25

Group of organisms that do not share a common ancestor

Question 26

Synapomorphy

Answer 26

Shared trait derived from a common ancestor

Question 27

Simple Metazoa

Answer 27

Phylum Placozoa, porifera,Cnidaria, Ctenophora

Question 28

Phylum Porifera

Answer 28

Class: | Calcera, Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, Homoscleromorpha

Question 29

Phylum Cnidaria

Answer 29

``` Subphylum Anthozoa: Subclass Hexacorallia Subclass Octocorllia ``` Subphylum: Class Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Staurozoa

Question 30

Phylum Ctenophora

Answer 30

Class Anura, Tentaculata

Question 31

Cnidaria-Anthozoa- Hexacoralia

Answer 31

6 tentacles around mouth, solitary, polyp

Question 32

Cnidaria- anthozoa- octocorallia

Answer 32

8 tentacles, colonial, calcareous skeleton

Question 33

Cnidaria- Medusozoa

Answer 33

Salt and fresh water

Question 34

Medusoza, scyphozoa

Answer 34

Only in saltwater, vary in size, solitary, thick mesoglea with pigmentation, life cycle dominated by the Medusa

Question 35

Medusoza- Cubozoa

Answer 35

Box jelly, marine, very small, solitary, transparent, potent, life cycle dominated by Medusa, most derived group

Question 36

Medusoza- Hydrozoa

Answer 36

Saltwater and freshwater, colonial, connected by a stolen for the polyp which is the adult, polymorphic

Question 37

Medusoza- Staurozoa

Answer 37

Saltwater, mostly shallow, very small, attached Medusa,

Question 38

Cnidocytes

Answer 38

Specialized organelle, mostly occurs as a nematocysts, discharged usually in response to pressure, long filament,

Question 39

Respiration in Cnidaria

Answer 39

Diffusion across the body wall

Question 40

Circulation in Cnidaria

Answer 40

Do not have a circulatory system

Question 41

Nervous system in Cnidaria

Answer 41

Nerve net: extends through mesoglea Some have occlei: eyes

Question 42

Feeding in Cnidaria

Answer 42

Passive bulk feeding, extracellular and intracellular digestion

Question 43

Support in Cnidaria

Answer 43

Gastrovascular cavity forms hydrostatic skeleton Some excrete calcium carbonate ie. coral

Question 44

Locomotion in Cnidaria

Answer 44

Medusa use jet propulsion that is flexing Staying upright by aid of statoliths

Question 45

Reproduction in Cnidaria

Answer 45

Mostly rely on sexual reproduction to produce planula larva Budding for asexual reproduction External fertilization

Question 46

Phylum Placozoa

Answer 46

Found in the ocean, transparent, fiborous cells in the middle, use cilia to move,

Question 47

Phylum porifera- class calcarea,

Answer 47

Supported by spicules, see achanoids, leuchoids, and synocoid,

Question 48

Phylum Porifera- Class Demospongiae

Answer 48

Spicules of Silvia, all are leuconoid, salt water and fresh

Question 49

Phylum porifera- Class Hexactinlleda

Answer 49

Glass sponges, synconoid or leucnoid, Deep water

Question 50

Phylum Placozoa

Answer 50

Found in the ocean, transparent, fiborous cells in the middle, use cilia to move,

Question 51

Phylum porifera- class calcarea,

Answer 51

Supported by spicules, see achanoids, leuchoids, and synocoid,

Question 52

Phylum Porifera- Class Demospongiae

Answer 52

Spicules of Silvia, all are leuconoid, salt water and fresh

Question 53

Phylum porifera- Class Hexactinlleda

Answer 53

Glass sponges, synconoid or leucnoid, Deep water

Question 54

Phylum Porifera- Class homoscleromorpha

Answer 54

Spicules silica, leuconoid, salt water