Module 1

Question 1

A systematic process of gathering information, interpreting information, and analyzing information to resolve a specific problem. It is a process of “searching again”

Answer 1

Research

Question 2

The study of our method of acquiring knowledge. It answers the question: “How do we know?”

Answer 2

Epistemology

Question 3

Acquired through anything that is independent from experience, which is a product of pure reason or deduction as with math or tautologies

Answer 3

A priori knowledge

Question 4

Acquired by experience or empirical evidence, as with most aspects of science and personal knowledge

Answer 4

A posteriori knowledge

Question 5

10 CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH

Answer 5

• Systematic
• Objective
• Feasible
• Empirical
• Clear
• Logical
• Cyclical
• Analytical
• Replicable
• Critical

Question 6

There is a system to follow in conducting research as there is a system for formulating each of its parts

Answer 6

Systematic

Question 7

Composed of chapters that are organized in a logical and scientific manner

Answer 7

Macrosystem

Question 8

Consists of the detailed contents of each chapter

Answer 8

Microsystem

Question 9

The results of the research must never be based from biases

Answer 9

Objective

Question 10

Any problem of extraordinary nature that directly or indirectly affects any profession is a feasible problem to study

Answer 10

Feasible

Question 11

There should be supporting pieces of evidence and accompanying details for every variable used in the study

Answer 11

Empirical

Question 12

The choice of variables used in the study should be explained by the researcher

Answer 12

Clear

Question 13

Research follows valid, definite principles, frameworks, and procedures

Answer 13

Logical

Question 14

Research starts with a problem and ends with another

Answer 14

Cyclical

Question 15

After employing strictly and correctly the predetermined procedure and gathering empirical data, the latter must be analyzed to elicit the desired meaning from the obtained information

Answer 15

Analytical

Question 16

It is only through this process of replication that particular research can claim the verifiability of valid and reliable or consistent results

Answer 16

Replicable

Question 17

The researcher is careful and precise in processing ideas and judgement

Answer 17

Critical

Question 18

Provides descriptions of the basic nature or the characteristics of the phenomenon. It relies not in numerical analysis but on narratives and stories coming from its research participants

Answer 18

Qualitative research

Question 19

Measures the magnitude, size, or extent of the phenomenon. It is a form of research that uses statistical data as the main source of knowledge

Answer 19

Quantitative research

Question 20

The heart of a good qualitative research. Those that cause unfavorable circumstances in a community or an organization

Answer 20

Research problem

Question 21

An intellectual guess or tentative answer to the research questions. It serve as a guide toward designing the research methodology

Answer 21

Hypothesis

Question 22

The process of gathering information by means of a defined method in order to support the hypothesis

Answer 22

Data collection

Question 23

Could be anything that is used to represent facts and values or anything that may represent a characteristic of something that is being measured

Answer 23

Data

Question 24

The process of examining data against the preconceived hypotheses

Answer 24

Data analysis

Question 25

This process in qualitative research is necessary and in the need to return to the research subjects for validation purposes

Answer 25

Member-checking

Question 26

9 CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL RESEARCHER

Answer 26

* Curious * Efficient * Logical * Effective * Active * Practical * Inventive * Honest * Cost-Effective

Question 27

A successful researcher is determined to investigate the intricacy of things

Answer 27

Curious

Question 28

Manifested in the proper use of time, effort, and resources for an intended purpose. It is doing things right

Answer 28

Efficient

Question 29

Researchers usually follow procedures identified to the scientific method in finding out answers to their queries

Answer 29

Logical

Question 30

It means doing the right things. Researchers must know how to foresee errors so that they can be addressed immediately

Answer 30

Effective

Question 31

Researchers get involved in all research opportunities available for them and collaborate with others in research activities relevant to their expertise

Answer 31

Active

Question 32

In the event where resources are limited, researchers must be able to find ways to make use of the given resources and locally available materials to compensate for the things needed without compromising the quality of the research output

Answer 32

Practical

Question 33

Researchers always have novel ideas. If a method is not feasible, they have alternative procedures to attain the objectives of the research. They always try to find unique or new ways to handle difficulties in solving a problem

Answer 33

Inventive

Question 34

Researchers are not swayed to what is expected, but rather to what is true

Answer 34

Honest

Question 35

Because of limited resources, successful researchers make it a point that these resources will not be wasted. To them, every single peso is important and must be utilized properly

Answer 35

Cost-Effective

Question 36

A branch of philosophy that deals with rightness or wrongness of an act. It has something to do with how things should be done

Answer 36

Ethics

Question 37

A Greek word that means “customs”

Answer 37

Ethos

Question 38

8 RESEARCH ETHICS PRINCIPLES

Answer 38

* Honesty * Objectivity * Integrity * Carefulness * Openness * Respect for intellectual property * Trustworthiness * Social and legal responsibility

Question 39

It must be upheld in the planning, execution, and writing of the research report. It must also be observed on executing procedures by following strictly the proposed methodology

Answer 39

Honesty

Question 40

The action or process of manufacturing or inventing something

Answer 40

Fabrication

Question 41

The action of falsifying information or a theory

Answer 41

Falsification

Question 42

Research investigations must be free from any forms of bias . They must not serve the interest of any parties, but the interest of finding the truth

Answer 42

Objectivity

Question 43

The research must uphold sincerity and consistency

Answer 43

Integrity

Question 44

Any research must be free of careless errors of negligence

Answer 44

Carefulness

Question 45

Researchers must be open to constructive criticism

Answer 45

Openness

Question 46

Ideas, copyrights, patents, and other forms of intellectual property owned by other individuals must be acknowledged properly when used as bases in any investigation. The principle “give credits to whom the credit is due” must be observed

Answer 46

Respect for intellectual property

Question 47

Manifested in research if data and information about human respondents are used only for the purposes of the research

Answer 47

Trustworthiness

Question 48

Research results must be published with the aim of advancing knowledge and promoting social welfare, minimizing harm and risk, and maximizing the benefits for the target population

Answer 48

Social and legal responsibility

Question 49

Constitutes claiming another person’s idea or intellectual property as one’s own

Answer 49

Plagiarism

Question 50

10 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

Answer 50

* Clone * Ctrl + C (copy-paste) * Find-replace * Remix * Recycle * Hybrid * Mashup * 404 error * Aggregator * Re-tweer

Question 51

The act of submitting another’s work, word-for-word, as one’s own

Answer 51

Clone

Question 52

The act of writing a study that contains significant portions of text from a single source without alterations

Answer 52

Ctrl + C (copy-paste)

Question 53

The act of changing key words and phrases but retaining the essential content of the source in a paper

Answer 53

Find-replace

Question 54

The act of paraphrasing from other sources and making the content fit together seamlessly

Answer 54

Remix

Question 55

The act of borrowing generously from one’s own previous work without citation

Answer 55

Recycle

Question 56

The act of combining perfectly-cited sources with copied passages without citation in one paper

Answer 56

Hybrid

Question 57

The act of mixing copied materials from several different sources without proper citation

Answer 57

Mashup

Question 58

The act of including nonexistent citations or inaccurate information about sources

Answer 58

404 error

Question 59

The act of including proper citations but containing almost no original work

Answer 59

Aggregator

Question 60

The act of including proper citation but relying too closely on the text’s original wording and/or structure

Answer 60

Re-tweer

Question 61

It refers to written agreement signed by human respondents informing the researcher of their willingness or reluctance to participate in an experimental procedure

Answer 61

Informed consent

Question 62

A respondent may choose not to disclose his or her identity to anyone, including the researchers themselves

Answer 62

Right to anonymity

Question 63

It refers to the consideration of what animals feel when a certain procedure is done to them

Answer 63

Animal welfare

Question 64

The least number of animal subjects is recommended

Answer 64

Reduce

Question 65

It involves deviation from universally accepted conduct in research undertakings, resulting to scientific dishonesty

Answer 65

Scientific misconduct

Question 66

It refers to the act of forcing an individual to participate in a research endeavor by using threats, rewards, or intimidation

Answer 66

Coercion

Question 67

Only the results that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published

Answer 67

Non-publication of data

Question 68

Respondents should undergo debriefing after data gathering to minimize any stress or inconvenience affected by the study

Answer 68

Right to be protected from harm

Question 69

All personal information extracted from the respondents should not be disclosed to the public at all conditions

Answer 69

Right to confidentiality