Module 1 Acid-base Balance Flashcards
(24 cards)
Dangerous pH levels
Below 7
Above 7.6
Volatile Acid produced in the body
Only Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
Nonvolatile acids produced in the body
Every acid except carbonic acid produced
Lactic acid
Resulting from cellular destruction
Hydrochloride acid
Found in stomach secretions
Phosphoric acid
From the oxidation of phospholipids and phosphoproteins
Sulfuric acid
Formed by oxidation of sulfur containing amino acids
Three systems to maintain normal pH
Buffer
Respiratory
Renal
Buffers
Substances that prevent major pH change by releasing hydrogen ions
What system is used if body is too alkaline
Buffer system
Three buffer systems
Bicarbonate-carbonic acid
Phosphate
Protein
Bicarbonate (HCO3) to carbonic (H2CO3) ratio
20:1
Acidosis
pH drops below 7.35
Build up of acid in the bloodstream
Alkalosis
pH rises above 7.45
Blood is too alkaline
PaO2
Measure of pressure exerted by oxygen that is dissolved in the plasma
PaCO2
Measures the pressure exerted by dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood and reflects the respiratory component of acid base regulation by the lungs
Hyperventilation is the result of
Respiratory alkalosis
Clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus are at risk for
Diabetic ketoadidosis
Acute lactic acidosis results from
Tissue hypoxia due to shock or cardiac arrest
Signs of Metabolic Acidosis (14)
Weakness Abdominal pain Nausea/vomiting Diminished appetite Fatigue Headache General malaise Decreasing LOCs Dysrhythmias Bradycardia Warm, flushed skin Skeletal products Hyperventilation (kussmauls respiration’s) Dyspnea
Metabolic acidosis effects on ABGs
Lower pH
Lower HCO3
Lower PaCO2
Metabolic Alkalosis effect on ABGs
Higher pH
Higher HCO3
Higher PaCO2
Normal PaO2 value
80-100 mmHg
PaO2 less then 80mmHg
Hypoxemia
