MODULE 1 AND 2 Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
THE FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
A
LOUIS PASTEUR
2
Q
THE STUDY OF ALL LIVING ORGANISMS THAT ARE TOO SMALL TO BE SEEN
A
MICROBIOLOGY
3
Q
WHY MICROBIOLOGY MATTERS?
A
> KEEPS THE PLANT HEALTHY
AGRICULTURE
COMBATING DISEASES
INDUSTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
4
Q
WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN KEEPING THE PLANTS HEALTHY?
A
BECAUSE MICROBIOLOGY PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN RECYCLING ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
5
Q
WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN AGRICULTURE?
A
BECAUSE THIS ENABLES FARMERS TO INCREASE YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY IN A SUSTAINABLE WAY
6
Q
WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN COMBATING DISEASES?
A
ETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY, CONTROL AND PREVENTION
7
Q
WHY IS MICROBIOLOGY IMPORTANT IN INDUSTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY?
A
BECAUSE THIS HELPS CREATE ANTIBIOTICS AND VACCINES, AND GENETIC ENGINEERING
8
Q
THE FIRST BACTERIA DISCOVERED ON EARTH
A
CYANOBACTERIA
9
Q
CYANOBACTERIA IS A PROKARYOTIC BLUE GREEN ALGAE
A
TRUE
10
Q
THIS IS FOUND IN FRESHWATER AND MARINE SYSTEMS
A
VOLVOX
11
Q
APPLICATIONS OF VOLVOX
A
> IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
PIGMENTS AND CAROTENOIDS
POLYUNSATURATED FATS
ANTIOXIDANTS
12
Q
TYPES OF MICROBIAL CELLS
A
PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC
13
Q
THEY LACK TRUE CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS
A
PROKARYOTIC
14
Q
WHAT PROKARYOTE IS EXEMPTED IN LACKING TRUE CELL MEMBRANE
A
PLANKOMYCETES
15
Q
HAVE CELL MEMBRANE AND NUCLEUS
A
EUKARYOTIC
16
Q
ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS:
A
CELLULAR AND ACELLULAR
17
Q
THESE ARE UNDER CELLULAR
A
FUNGI, PROTIST, BACTERIA, ARCHAEA
18
Q
ACELLULAR INCLUDES:
A
VIRUSES, VIROIDS, VIRUSOIDS, PRIONS
19
Q
THESE ARE THE SMALLEST OF MICROBES. REQUIRES CELL HOST TO REPLICATE
A
VIRUSES
20
Q
THESE COMPOSED THE VIRUSES
A
PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC ACID
21
Q
THESE ARE INFECTIOUS AGENTS CAUSED BY RNA
A
VIROIDS AND VIRUSOIDS
22
Q
INFECTIOUS PROTEINS
A
PRIONS
23
Q
THIS CAUSES FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE
A
PRIONS
24
Q
THIS HAS A PROTEIN COAT AND GENETIC MATERIAL
A
ACELLULAR
25
THREE DOMAIN SYSTEM, BASED ON A COMPARISON OF ______, DIVIDES MICROORGANISMS INTO THREE DOMAINS
RIBOSOMAL RNA
26
WHAT ARE THE THREE DOMAINS
BACTERIA, ARCHAEA, EUKARYA
27
CHARACTERISTICS OF A BACTERIA
SINGLE CELLED
PEPTIDOGLYCAN CELL WALL
LACK A MEMBRANE BOUND NUCLEUS
UBIQUITOUS AND SOME LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
28
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARCHAEA
```
HAVE A UNIQUE rRNA GENE SEQUENCES COMPARED TO BACTERIA
LACK PEPTIDOGLYCAN CELL WALL
HAVE UNIQUE LIPID MEMBRANE
UNUSUAL METABOLIC CHARACTERISTICS
LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS
```
29
THESE ARE UNDER EUKARYA
PROTISTA, ALGAE, PROTOZOA, SLIME MOLDS, WATER MOLDS, FUNGI
30
GENERALLY LARGER THAN BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA
PROTISTA
31
THEY ARE GREEN AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC
ALGAE
32
HUNTERS GRATERS
PROTOZOA
33
HAS TWO LIFE STAGES
SLIME MOLDS
34
THIS CAUSES DISEASE IN PLANTS
WATER MOLDS
35
TWO TYPES OF FUNGI
YEAST AND MOLDS
36
THIS COMPRISES THE UNICELLULAR MICROBE OF FUNGI
YEAST
37
FILAMENTOUS FUNGI
MOLDS
38
PROPOSED CHEMICAL THEORY
OPARINE AND HALDANE
39
THIS IS THE TRANSITION OF PROKARYOTIC CELL TO EUKARYOTIC CELL
ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
40
PROPOSED ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
LYNN MARGUILLIS
41
PROOF OF ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY
CHLOROPLAST AND MITOCHONDRIA HAVE THEIR OWN DNA
42
OLDEST AND MOST POPULAR TECHNOLOGY USED BY HUMAN KIND DATING BACK TO NEOLITHIC PERIOD
FERMENTATION
43
USE OF FERMENTATION
DAIRY PRODUCTS, BAKING, WINE MAKING AND BREWING
44
THIS USES A SPECIAL STRAIN OF YEAST
SOUR DOUGH
45
FERMENTED BERRIES
OLIVES
46
The purified toxin used for temporarily paralyzing facial muscles is derived from what microbe?
CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINIUM
47
THIS CAUSES PIMPLES
STAPHYLOCCOCUS AUREUS
48
CAUSES TYPLOID FEVER
SALMONELLA TYPHI
49
ONE OF THE BIGGEST MICROBES THAT CAN BE SEEN BY THE NAKED EYE
THIOMARGARITA NAMIBIENSIS
50
WHAT IS LAW OF BIOGENESIS
LIFE COMES AFTER LIFE
51
The baker's yeast and the brewer's yeast differ in which of the following traits?
SHAPE AND MODE OF REPRODUCTION
52
The scientist who worked on the classification of organisms into three Domains by comparing the 16S rRNA of living systems
CARL WOESE
53
Based on the Phylogenetic Tree , the Archaea are more related to the Eukarya than Bacteria.
TRUE
54
The theory of that states that life came from extraterrestrial origins is called________________.
PANSPERMIA
55
BACTERIOPHAGE IS A ____
VIRUS
56
All prokaryotes are unicellular, all eukaryotes are multicellular.
FALSE; EUKARYOTES ARE ALSO UNICELLULAR
57
THE MODERN CELL THEORY
THE CELL IS THE SMALLEST LIVING UNIT IN ALL ORGANISMS
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS
ALL CELLS COME FROM PRE-EXISTING CELLS
58
THE MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES OF A EUKARYOTIC CELL
NUCLEUS
MITOCHONDRIA
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
59
SIMILARITIES OF PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS
RIBOSOMES
DNA
CELL MEMBRANE
60
THESE ARE UNDER PROKARYOTES
ARCHAEA AND BACTERIA
61
THE SIX KINGDOMS
```
ARCHAEABACTERIA
EUBACTERIA
FUNGI
PROTISTA
ANIMALIA
PLANTAE
```
62
MODE OF CELL REPRODUCTION OF PROKARYOTES
BINARY FISSION, FERMENTATION, BUDDING
63
MODE OF CELL REPRODUCTION OF EUKARYOTES
MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
64
THESE ARE COCCI IN CLUSTERS
STAPHYLOCOCCUS
65
COCCI IN CHAINS
STREPTOCOCCUS
66
SELECTIVELY PERMEABLE BARRIER
PLASMA MEMBRANE
67
MECHANICAL BOUNDARY OF CELL
PLASMA MEMBRANE
68
LOCATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION
PLASMA MEMBRANE
69
PROVIDES BUOYANCE
GAS VACUOLE
70
SITE OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
RIBOSOMES
71
STORAGE OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC MATERIALS
INCLUSION
72
LOCATION OF GENETIC MATERIAL
NUCLEOID
73
PROTECTION FROM OSMOTIC STRESS
CELL WALL
74
RESISTANCE TO PHAGOCYTOSIS
CAPSULE AND SLIME LAYER
75
PROTECTS THE BACTERIA FROM DIGESTION THROUGH PHAGOCYTOSIS
GLYCOCALYX
76
PROTECT FROM ION AND PH FLUNCTUATION
SLIME LAYER
77
THE APPENDAGES OF A PROKARYOTIC CELL
FIMBRIAE
PILI
FLAGELLA
78
LONG WHIP-LIKE STRUCTURE PRIMARILY FOR MOVEMENT
FLAGELLUM
79
TYPES OF FLAGELLUM
ATRICHOUS
PETRICHOUS
POLAR
80
UNDER POLAR
MONOTRICHOUS
LOPOTRICHOUS
AMPITRICHOUS
81
ATRICHOUS
WITHOUT FLAGELLUM
82
PETRICHOUS
ALL OVER THE CELL
83
POLAR
ONE OR BOTH SIDES
84
MONOTRICHOUS
A FLAGELLA AT ONE SIDE
85
LOPOTRICHOUS
A FLAGELLUM ONE SIDE
86
AMPHITRICHOUS
FLAGELLA AT BOTH SIDES
87
THIS FLAGELLAR ROTATION MEANS THE FLAGELLA IS MOVING FORWARD
COUNTERCLOCKWISE
88
THIS FLAGELLAR ROTATION MEANS THE FLAGELLA IS CHANGING DIRECTION
CLOCKWISE
89
MOVEMENT OF ORGANISMS TOWARDS OR AWAY FROM A STIMULUS
TAXIS
90
TYPES OF TAXIS
```
PHOTOTAXIS
CHEMOTAXIS
THERMOTAXIS
AEROTAXIS
OSMOTAXIS
```
91
CONSISTS OF PLASMA MEMBRANE, CELL WALL, AND GLYCOCALYX
CELL ENVELOPE
92
THE PRIMARY ROLE OF PLASMA MEMBRANE
SELECTIVE PERMEABLE BARRIERS
93
WHAT MAKES BACTERIAL PM UNIQUE?
RESPONSE TO TEMPERATURE AND PRESENCE OF ANTI-MICROBIAL AGENTS
94
PROPOSES THAT PLASMA MEMBRANES ARE LIPID BILAYERS
FLUID MOSAIC MODEL
95
THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF LIPID BILAYERS
AMPHIPATHIC
96
A STEROID FOUND IN THE MEMBRANE OF EUKARYOTES
CHOLESTEROL
97
A STEROL FOUND IN MANY BACTERIAL MEMBRANES
HOPANOID
98
HOW DOES THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT NUTRIENTS?
THROUGH TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
99
WHAT ARE THESE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS?
PASSIVE DIFFUSION
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
GROUP TRANSLOCATION
100
WHAT ARE THE MACRONUTRIENTS?
C, H, O, N, Mg, Ca, Fe
101
WHAT ARE THE MICRONUTRIENTS?
Zn, Co, Mo, Ni, Cu
102
HIGH TO LOW CONCENTRATION
PASSIVE DIFFUSION
103
SIMPLE DIFFUSION
PASSIVE DIFFUSION
104
MOLECULES MOVE DOWN THE CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
PASSIVE DIFFUSION
105
LOW CONCENTRATION TO HIGH
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
106
USES CHANNELS AND CARRIERS TO TRANSPORT
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
107
ENERGY IS BEING UTILIZED
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
108
TRANSPORTS SOLUTES TO HIGHER AGAINST THE GRADIENT
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
109
USES ATP HYDROLYSIS
PRIMARY AT
110
UNIPORTER
PRIMARY AT
111
USES POTENTIAL ENERGY
SECONDARY AT
112
COTRANSPORTERS
SECONDARY AT
113
THESE ARE THE CONTRANSPORTERS OF SECONDARY AT
SYMPORTER AND ANTIPORTER
114
MOLECULE IS MODIFIED AS IT ENTERS THE CELL
GROUP TRANSLOCATION
115
THICK JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE OF THE CELL
CYTOPLASM
116
ENCLOSES EVERYTHING AFTER THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
CYTOPLASM
117
EVERYTHING AFTER THE PLASMA MEMBRANE
PROTOPLAST
118
PRESENT IN CYANOBACTERIA AND OTHER CO2 FIXING BACTERIA
CARBOXYSOMES
119
THESE ARE CYTOSKELETON HOMOLOGOUS
TUBULIN HOMOLOGUE
ACTIN HOMOLOGUE
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT
120
RESISTANT TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES
BACTERIAL ENDOSPORE
121
NORMAL CONDITIONS IN A CONTINOUS GROWTH (NO ENDOSPORE)
VEGETATIVE GROWTH
122
SURVIVAL MECHANISM
SPORULATION
123
THESE ARE THE STEPS IN ENDOSPORE FORMATION
```
AXIAL FILAMENT FORMATION
SEPTUM FORMATION AND FORESPORE DEVELOPMENT
ENGULFMENT OF FORESPORE
CORTEX FORMATION
COAT SYNTHESIS
COMPLETION OF COAT SYNTHESIS
LYSIS OF SPORANGIUM
```
124
HOW TO KILL ENDOSPORE BACTERIUM IN THE LAB?
AUTOCLAVE
125
WHAT DOES GRAM STAIN DO?
IT CLASSIFIES BACTERIA
| HIGHLIGHTS CELL MORPHOLOGY AND ARRANGEMENT
126
ACID-FAST STAIN
MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES
| NOCARDIA SPECIES
127
FLUORESCENT STAIN
AURAMINE-RHODAMINE
128
WET MOUNTS
```
FUNGI
PARASITES
VAGINOSIS
TRICHOMAS
SYPHILLIS
```
129
INDIA INK
CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS
130
WARTHIN-SHARRY STAIN
SPIROCHETES
HELICOBACTER PYLORI
MICROSPORDIA
BARTONELLA HENSELATE
131
WRIGHT STAIN
HISTOPLASMA CAPSULATUM
CHLAMYDIA
PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVELLI
